- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/802/77
- Title:
- Protoplanetary disk masses in NGC 2024 cluster
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/802/77
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present the results from a Submillimeter Array survey of the 887{mu}m continuum emission from the protoplanetary disks around 95 young stars in the young cluster NGC 2024. Emission was detected from 22 infrared sources, with flux densities from ~5 to 330mJy; upper limits (at 3{sigma}) for the other 73 sources range from 3 to 24mJy. For standard assumptions, the corresponding disk masses range from ~0.003 to 0.2M_{sun}_, with upper limits at 0.002-0.01M_{sun}_. The NGC 2024 sample has a slightly more populated tail at the high end of its disk mass distribution compared to other clusters, but without more information on the nature of the sample hosts it remains unclear if this difference is statistically significant or a superficial selection effect. Unlike in the Orion Trapezium, there is no evidence for a disk mass dependence on the (projected) separation from the massive star IRS 2b in the NGC 2024 cluster. We suggest that this is due to either the cluster youth or a comparatively weaker photoionizing radiation field.
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- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/709/L114
- Title:
- Protoplanetary disks in PMS binaries
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/709/L114
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- In this Letter, I examine several observational trends regarding protoplanetary disks, debris disks, and exoplanets in binary systems in an attempt to constrain the physical mechanisms of planet formation in such a context. Binaries wider than about 100AU are indistinguishable from single stars in all aspects. Binaries in the 5-100AU range, on the other hand, are associated with shorter lived but (at least in some cases) equally massive disks. Furthermore, they form planetesimals and mature planetary systems at a similar rate as wider binaries and single stars, albeit with the peculiarity that they predominantly produce high-mass planets. I posit that the location of a stellar companion influences the relative importance of the core accretion and disk fragmentation planet formation processes, with the latter mechanism being predominant in binaries tighter than 100AU.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/692/973
- Title:
- Protostars in Perseus, Serpens and Ophiuchus
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/692/973
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present an unbiased census of deeply embedded protostars in Perseus, Serpens, and Ophiuchus, assembled by combining large-scale 1.1mm Bolocam continuum and Spitzer Legacy surveys. We identify protostellar candidates based on their mid-infrared (mid-IR) properties, correlate their positions with 1.1mm core positions from Enoch et al. in 2006 (Cat. J/ApJ/638/293) and 2007ApJ...666..982E, and Young et al. in 2006ApJ...644..326Y, and construct well-sampled spectral energy distributions using our extensive wavelength coverage ({lambda}=1.25-1100um). Source classification based on the bolometric temperature yields a total of 39 Class 0 and 89 Class I sources in the three-cloud sample. We compare to protostellar evolutionary models using the bolometric temperature-luminosity diagram, finding a population of low-luminosity Class I sources that are inconsistent with constant or monotonically decreasing mass accretion rates.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/647/A106
- Title:
- PSZSPT, joint Planck and SPT-SZ cluster catalog
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/647/A106
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present the first cluster catalogue extracted from combined space- (Planck) and ground-based (South Pole Telescope; SPT-SZ) millimeter data. We develop and apply a Matched Multi-Filter (MMF) capable of dealing with the different transfer functions and resolutions of the two datasets. We verified that it produces results consistent with publications from Planck and SPT collaborations when applied on the datasets individually. We also verified that Planck and SPT-SZ cluster fluxes are consistent with each other. When applied blindly to the combined dataset, the MMF generated a catalogue of 419 detections (S/N>5), of which 323 are already part of the SPT-SZ or PSZ2 catalogues; 54 are new SZ detections, identified in other catalogues or surveys; and 42 are new unidentified candidates. The MMF takes advantage of the complementarity of the two datasets, Planck being particularly useful for detecting clusters at low redshift (z<0.3) while SPT is efficient at finding higher redshift (z>0.3) sources. This work represents a proof of concept that blind cluster extraction can be performed on combined, inhomogeneous millimeter datasets acquired from space and ground. This result is of prime importance for planned ground-based cosmic microwave background (CMB) experiments (e.g., Simons Observatory, CMB-S4) and envisaged CMB space missions (e.g., PICO, Backlight) that will detect hundreds of thousands of clusters in the low mass regime (M500<10^14^M_{sun}_), for which the various sources of intra-cluster emission (gas, dust, synchrotron) will be of same order of magnitude and hence require broad ground+space frequency coverage with comparable spatial resolution for adequate separation.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/703/285
- Title:
- Radio and IR counterparts of BLAST sources in CDFS
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/703/285
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We have identified radio and/or mid-infrared counterparts to 198 out of 350 sources detected at >=5{sigma} over ~9deg^2^ centered on the Chandra Deep Field South by the Balloon-borne Large Aperture Submillimeter Telescope (BLAST) at 250, 350, and 500um. We have matched 114 of these counterparts to optical sources with previously derived photometric redshifts and fitted spectral energy distributions to the BLAST fluxes and fluxes at 70 and 160um acquired with the Spitzer Space Telescope. In this way, we have constrained dust temperatures, total far-infrared/submillimeter luminosities, and star formation rates for each source. Our findings show that, on average, the BLAST sources lie at significantly lower redshifts and have significantly lower rest-frame dust temperatures compared to submillimeter sources detected in surveys conducted at 850um. We demonstrate that an apparent increase in dust temperature with redshift in our sample arises as a result of selection effects. Finally, we provide the full multiwavelength catalog of >=5{sigma} BLAST sources contained within the complete ~9deg^2^ survey area.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/413/2314
- Title:
- Radio and mid-IR counterpart of submm galaxies
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/413/2314
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present radio and infrared (3.6-24um) counterparts to submillimetre galaxies (SMGs) detected in the Extended Chandra Deep Field-South with the Large APEX Bolometer Camera (LABOCA) 870um bolometer camera on the 12m Atacama Pathfinder Experiment. Using the Very Large Array at .4GHz and Spitzer, we have identified secure counterparts to 79 of the 126 SMGs [signal-to-noise ratio (S/N)>3.7, S870>4.4mJy] in the field, 62 via their radio and/or 24um emission, the remainder using a colour-flux cut on Infrared Array Camera 3.6um and 5.8um sources chosen to maximize the number of secure, coincident radio and 24um counterparts.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/504/127
- Title:
- Radio maps of Infrared Dark Cloud 18223-3
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/504/127
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We examine an Infrared Dark Cloud (IRDC) at high spatial resolution as a means to study rotation, outflow, and infall at the onset of massive star formation. The IRDC 18223-3 was observed at 1.1mm and 1.3mm with the Submillimeter Array (SMA) and follow-up short spacing information was obtained with the IRAM 30m telescope. Additional data were taken at 3mm with the IRAM Plateau de Bure interferometer (PdBI).
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/886/48
- Title:
- Radio & opt/NIR counterparts of S2COSMOS submm galaxies
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/886/48
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We identify multi-wavelength counterparts to 1147 submillimeter sources from the S2COSMOS SCUBA-2 survey of the COSMOS field by employing a recently developed radio+machine-learning method trained on a large sample of Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA)-identified submillimeter galaxies (SMGs), including 260 SMGs identified in the AS2COSMOS pilot survey. In total, we identify 1222 optical/near-infrared (NIR)/radio counterparts to the 897 S2COSMOS submillimeter sources with S_850_>1.6mJy, yielding an overall identification rate of (78+/-9)%. We find that (22+/-5)% of S2COSMOS sources have multiple identified counterparts. We estimate that roughly 27% of these multiple counterparts within the same SCUBA-2 error circles very likely arise from physically associated galaxies rather than line-of-sight projections by chance. The photometric redshift of our radio+machine-learning-identified SMGs ranges from z=0.2 to 5.7 and peaks at z=2.3+/-0.1. The AGN fraction of our sample is (19+/-4)%, which is consistent with that of ALMA SMGs in the literature. Comparing with radio/NIR-detected field galaxy population in the COSMOS field, our radio+machine-learning-identified counterparts of SMGs have the highest star formation rates and stellar masses. These characteristics suggest that our identified counterparts of S2COSMOS sources are a representative sample of SMGs at z<~3. We employ our machine-learning technique to the whole COSMOS field and identified 6877 potential SMGs, most of which are expected to have submillimeter emission fainter than the confusion limit of our S2COSMOS surveys (S_850um_<~1.5mJy). We study the clustering properties of SMGs based on this statistically large sample, finding that they reside in high-mass dark matter halos ((1.2+/-0.3)x10^13^h^-1^M_{sun}_), which suggests that SMGs may be the progenitors of massive ellipticals we see in the local universe.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/562/A35
- Title:
- Radio spectra of HDF850.1
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/562/A35
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- New high-resolution maps with the IRAM interferometer of the redshifted C+ 158um line and the 0.98mm dust continuum of HDF850.1 at z=5.185 show the source to have a blueshifted northern component and a redshifted southern component, with a projected separation of 0.3", or 2kpc. We interpret these components as primordial galaxies that are merging to form a larger galaxy.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/616/L10
- Title:
- RCW120 fragmentation at 0.01pc scale
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/616/L10
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Little is known about how high-mass stars form. Around 30% of the young high-mass stars in the Galaxy are observed at the edges of ionized (HII) regions. Therefore these are places of choice to study the earliest stages of high-mass star formation, especially towards the most massive condensations. High-spatial resolution observations in the millimeter range might reveal how these stars form and how they assemble their mass. We want to study the fragmentation process down to the 0.01pc scale in the most massive condensation (1700M_{sun}_) observed at the south-western edge of the HII region RCW 120 where the most massive Herschel cores (~124M_{sun}_ in average) could form high-mass stars. Using ALMA 3mm continuum observations towards the densest and most massive millimetric condensation (Condensation 1) of RCW 120, we used the getimages and getsources algorithms to extract the sources detected with ALMA and obtained their physical parameters. The fragmentation of the Herschel cores is discussed through their Jeans mass to understand the properties of the future stars. We extracted 18 fragments from the ALMA continuum observation at 3mm towards 8 cores detected with Herschel, whose mass and deconvolved size range from 2M_{sun}_ to 32M_{sun}_ and from 1.6mpc to 28.8mpc, respectively. The low degree of fragmentation observed, regarding to the thermal Jeans fragmentation, suggests that the observed fragmentation is inconsistent with ideal gravitational fragmentation and other ingredients such as turbulence or magnetic fields should be added in order to explain it. Finally, the range of fragments' mass indicates that the densest condensation of RCW 120 is a favourable place for the formation of high-mass stars with the presence of a probable UCHII region associated with the 27M_{sun}_ Fragment 1 of Core 2.
