- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/845/44
- Title:
- 340GHz SMA obs. of 50 nearby protoplanetary disks
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/845/44
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present a survey at subarcsecond resolution of the 340GHz dust continuum emission from 50 nearby protoplanetary disks, based on new and archival observations with the Submillimeter Array. The observed visibility data were modeled with a simple prescription for the radial surface brightness profile. The results were used to extract intuitive, empirical estimates of the emission "size" for each disk, R_eff_, defined as the radius that encircles a fixed fraction of the total continuum luminosity, L_mm_. We find a significant correlation between the sizes and luminosities, such that R_eff_{propto}L_mm_^0.5^, providing a confirmation and quantitative characterization of a putative trend that was noted previously. This correlation suggests that these disks have roughly the same average surface brightness interior to their given effective radius, ~0.2Jy/arcsec^2^ (or 8K in brightness temperature). The same trend remains, but the 0.2dex of dispersion perpendicular to this relation essentially disappears, when we account for the irradiation environment of each disk with a crude approximation of the dust temperatures based on the stellar host luminosities. We consider two (not mutually exclusive) explanations for the origin of this size-luminosity relationship. Simple models of the growth and migration of disk solids can account for the observed trend for a reasonable range of initial conditions, but only on timescales that are much shorter than the nominal ages present in the sample. An alternative scenario invokes optically thick emission concentrated on unresolved scales, with filling factors of a few tens of percent, which is perhaps a manifestation of localized particle traps.
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- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/563/A130
- Title:
- GLIMPSE/BGPS 6.7GHz methanol maser survey
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/563/A130
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present the results of a 6.7GHz methanol maser survey from the Effelsberg 100m radio telescope. A sample of 404 sources from the Bolocam Galactic Plane Survey (BGPS) 1.1mm dust clump survey that met specific Galactic Legacy Infrared Mid-Plane Survey Extraodinaire (GLIMPSE) point-source color criteria was selected and 318 of these were observed. The new observations resulted in the detection of 29 methanol masers, including 12 new ones. Together with the additional 74 detections from the literature, this means that a total of 103 methanol masers are coincident with 1.1mm dust clumps, yielding an overall detection rate of 26%. A comparison of the properties of a 1.1mm dust clump and a 6.7GHz methanol maser indicates that methanol masers with a higher flux density and/or luminosity are generally associated with more massive but less dense 1.1mm dust clumps. The overall detection rate of 26% appears to vary as a function of the derived H_2_ column density of the associated 1.1mm dust clump. The methanol masers were primarily detected toward the brighter and more massive 1.1mm dust clumps. A subsample of 194 sources that overlapped sources with observations of the 95GHz methanol line was investigated in more detail for the properties of 1.1mm dust clumps. The statistical analysis reveals that 1.1mm dust clumps with both class I and II counterparts have much higher mean and median values of mass, column density, and flux density than those with only class I or II counterparts. Based on our much larger sample, we slightly revise the boundary defined previously for selecting BGPS sources associated with a class II methanol maser, wherein ~80% of expected class II methanol masers will be detected with a detection rate in the range of 40-50%.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/136/2391
- Title:
- GLIMPSE Extended Green Objects catalog
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/136/2391
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Using images from the Spitzer Galactic Legacy Infrared Mid-Plane Survey Extraordinaire (GLIMPSE), we have identified more than 300 extended 4.5um sources (Extended Green Objects (EGOs), for the common coding of the [4.5] band as green in three-color composite InfraRed Array Camera images). We present a catalog of these EGOs, including integrated flux density measurements at 3.6, 4.5, 5.8, 8.0, and 24um from GLIMPSE and the Multiband Imaging Photometer for Spitzer Galactic Plane Survey.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/569/A11
- Title:
- G35.20-0.74N continuum and line data cubes
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/569/A11
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The formation process of high-mass stars (with masses >8M_{sun}_) is still poorly understood, and represents a challenge from both the theoretical and observational points of view. The advent of the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) is expected to provide observational evidence to better constrain the theoretical scenarios. The present study aims at characterizing the high-mass star forming region G35.20-0.74N, which is found associated with at least one massive outflow and contains multiple dense cores, one of them recently found associated with a Keplerian rotating disk. We used the radio-interferometer ALMA to observe the G35.20-0.74N region in the submillimeter continuum and line emission at 350GHz. The observed frequency range covers tracers of dense gas (e.g., H^13^CO^+^, C^17^O), molecular outflows (e.g., SiO), and hot cores (e.g., CH_3_CN, CH_3_OH). These observations were complemented with infrared and centimeter data.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/229/25
- Title:
- GOALS sample PACS and SPIRE fluxes
- Short Name:
- J/ApJS/229/25
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Far-infrared images and photometry are presented for 201 Luminous and Ultraluminous Infrared Galaxies [LIRGs: log(L_IR_/L_{sun}_)=11.00-11.99, ULIRGs: log(L_IR_/L_{sun}_)=12.00-12.99], in the Great Observatories All-Sky LIRG Survey (GOALS), based on observations with the Herschel Space Observatory Photodetector Array Camera and Spectrometer (PACS) and the Spectral and Photometric Imaging Receiver (SPIRE) instruments. The image atlas displays each GOALS target in the three PACS bands (70, 100, and 160{mu}m) and the three SPIRE bands (250, 350, and 500{mu}m), optimized to reveal structures at both high and low surface brightness levels, with images scaled to simplify comparison of structures in the same physical areas of ~100x100kpc^2^. Flux densities of companion galaxies in merging systems are provided where possible, depending on their angular separation and the spatial resolution in each passband, along with integrated system fluxes (sum of components). This data set constitutes the imaging and photometric component of the GOALS Herschel OT1 observing program, and is complementary to atlases presented for the Hubble Space Telescope, Spitzer Space Telescope, and Chandra X-ray Observatory. Collectively, these data will enable a wide range of detailed studies of active galactic nucleus and starburst activity within the most luminous infrared galaxies in the local universe.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/405/2260
- Title:
- GOODS-S field AzTEC/ASTE Deep 1.1mm imaging
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/405/2260
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present the first results from a 1.1mm confusion-limited map of the Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey-South (GOODS-S) taken with the AzTEC camera on the Atacama Submillimeter Telescope Experiment. We imaged 270arcmin^2^ field to a 1{sigma} depth of 0.48-0.73mJy/beam, making this one of the deepest blank-field surveys at mm-wavelengths ever achieved. Although by traditional standards our GOODS-S map is extremely confused due to a sea of faint underlying sources, we demonstrate through simulations that our source identification and number counts analyses are robust, and the techniques discussed in this paper are relevant for other deeply confused surveys. We find a total of 41 dusty starburst galaxies with signal-to-noise ratios S/N>=3.5 within this uniformly covered region, where only two are expected to be false detections, and an additional seven robust source candidates located in the noisier (1{sigma}~1mJy/beam) outer region of the map.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/814/1
- Title:
- GRB 120326A, 100418A & 100901A multi-wavelength obs.
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/814/1
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present multi-wavelength observations and modeling of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) that exhibit a simultaneous re-brightening in their X-ray and optical light curves, and are also detected at radio wavelengths. We show that the re-brightening episodes can be modeled by injection of energy into the blastwave and that in all cases the energy injection rate falls within the theoretical bounds expected for a distribution of energy with ejecta Lorentz factor. Our measured values of the circumburst density, jet opening angle, and beaming-corrected kinetic energy are consistent with the distribution of these parameters for long-duration GRBs at both z~1 and z>~6, suggesting that the jet launching mechanism and environment of these events are similar to that of GRBs that do not have bumps in their light curves. However, events exhibiting re-brightening episodes have lower radiative efficiencies than average, suggesting that a majority of the kinetic energy of the outflow is carried by slow-moving ejecta, which is further supported by steep measured distributions of the ejecta energy as a function of Lorentz factor. We do not find evidence for reverse shocks over the energy injection period, implying that the onset of energy injection is a gentle process. We further show that GRBs exhibiting simultaneous X-ray and optical re-brightenings are likely the tail of a distribution of events with varying rates of energy injection, forming the most extreme events in their class. Future X-ray observations of GRB afterglows with Swift and its successors will thus likely discover several more such events, while radio follow-up and multi-wavelength modeling of similar events will unveil the role of energy injection in GRB afterglows.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/623/A141
- Title:
- G345.5+1.5 region multiwavelength study
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/623/A141
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The star formation process requires the dust and gas present in the Milky Way to self-assemble into dense reservoirs of neutral material where the new generation of stars will emerge. Star-forming regions are usually studied in the context of Galactic surveys, but dedicated observations are sometimes needed when the study reaches beyond the survey area. A better understanding of the star formation process in the Galaxy can be obtained by studying several regions. This allows increasing the sample of objects (clumps, cores, and stars) for further statistical works and deeper follow-up studies. Here, we studied the G345.5+1.5 region, which is located slightly above the Galactic plane, to understand its star formation properties. We combined Large Apex BOlometer CAmera (LABOCA) and ^12^CO(4-3) transition line (NANTEN2) observations complemented with the Hi-GAL and Spitzer-GLIMPSE surveys to study the star formation toward this region. We used the Clumpfind algorithm to extract the clumps from the 870um and ^12^CO(4-3) data. Radio emission at 36cm was used to estimate the number of HII regions and to remove the contamination from the free-free emission at 870um. We employed color-color diagrams and spectral energy distribution (SED) slopes to distinguish between prestellar and protostellar clumps.We studied the boundedness of the clumps through the virial parameter. Finally, we estimated the star formation efficiency (SFE) and star formation rate (SFR) of the region and used the Schmidt-Kennicutt diagram to compare its ability to form stars with other regions of the Galactic plane. Of the 13 radio sources that we found using the MGPS-2 catalog, 7 are found to be associated with Hii regions corresponding to late-B or early-O stars. We found 45 870um clumps with diameters between 0.4 and 1.2pc and masses between 43M_{sun}_ and 3923M_{sun}_, and 107 ^12^CO clumps with diameters between 0.4 pc and 1.3pc and masses between 28M_{sun}_ and 9433M_{sun}_. More than 50% of the clumps are protostellar and bounded and are able to host (massive) star formation. High SFR and SFR density (S FR) values are associated with the region, with an SFE of a few percent. With submillimeter, CO transition, and short-wavelength infrared observations, our study reveals a population of massive stars, protostellar and bound starless clumps, toward G345.5+1.5. This region is therefore actively forming stars, and its location in the starburst quadrant of the Schmidt-Kennicutt diagram is comparable to other star-forming regions found within the Galactic plane.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/582/A2
- Title:
- Gum 31 870um continuum imgage
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/582/A2
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We are presenting here a study of the cold dust in the close environs of the ring nebula Gum 31. We aim at deriving the physical properties of the molecular gas and dust associated with the nebula, and investigating its correlation with the star formation in the region, that was probably triggered by the expansion of the ionization front against its environment. We make use of 870um emission data obtained with the Large APEX Bolometer Camera (LABOCA) to map the dust emission. The 870um emission provides an excellent probe of mass and density of dense molecular clouds. The obtained LABOCA image was compared to archival infrared, radio continuum, and optical images.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/624/A138
- Title:
- G09v1.97 CO and H2O datacubes
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/624/A138
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Using the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA), we report high angular-resolution observations of the redshift z=3.63 galaxy H-ATLAS J083051.0+013224 (G09v1.97), one of the most luminous strongly lensed galaxies discovered by the Herschel-Astrophysical Terahertz Large Area Survey (H-ATLAS). We present 0.2"-0.4" resolution images of the rest-frame 188 and 419um dust continuum and the CO(6-5), H_2_O(2_11_-2_02_), and Jup=2H_2_O^+^ line emission. We also report the detection of H_2_^18^O(2_11_-2_02_) in this source. The dust continuum and molecular gas emission are resolved into a nearly complete ~1.5" diameter Einstein ring plus a weaker image in the center, which is caused by a special dual deflector lensing configuration. The observed line profiles of the CO(6-5), H_2_O(2_11_-2_02_), and Jup=2H_2_O^+^ lines are strikingly similar. In the source plane, we reconstruct the dust continuum images and the spectral cubes of the CO, H_2_O, and H_2_O^+^ line emission at sub-kiloparsec scales. The reconstructed dust emission in the source plane is dominated by a compact disk with an effective radius of 0.7+/-0.1kpc plus an overlapping extended disk with a radius twice as large. While the average magnification for the dust continuum is {mu}~10-11, the magnification of the line emission varies from 5 to 22 across different velocity components. The line emission of CO(6-5), H_2_O(2_11_-2_02_), and H_2_O^+^ have similar spatial and kinematic distributions. The molecular gas and dust content reveal that G09v1.97 is a gas-rich major merger in its pre-coalescence phase, with a total molecular gas mass of ~10^11^M_{sun}_. Both of the merging companions are intrinsically ultra-luminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs) with infrared luminosities LIR reaching 4x10^12^L_{sun}_, and the total LIR of G09v1.97 is (1.4+/-0.7)x10^13^L_{sun}_. The approaching southern galaxy (dominating from V=-400 to -150km/s relative to the systemic velocity) shows no obvious kinematic structure with a semi-major half-light radius of a_s_=0.4kpc, while the receding galaxy (0 to 350km/s) resembles an a_s_=1.2kpc rotating disk. The two galaxies are separated by a projected distance of 1.3kpc, bridged by weak line emission (-150 to 0km/s) that is co-spatially located with the cold dust emission peak, suggesting a large amount of cold interstellar medium (ISM) in the interacting region. As one of the most luminous star-forming dusty high-redshift galaxies, G09v1.97 is an exceptional source for understanding the ISM in gas-rich starbursting major merging systems at high redshift.