- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/155/17
- Title:
- Infrared photometric study of Wolf-Rayet galaxies
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/155/17
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We collected observational data on 781 Wolf-Rayet (WR) galaxies from the literature to photometrically study their infrared properties measured by the 2MASS, WISE, IRAS, AKARI, and Herschel missions. It is found that in the 1-5 {mu}m range the radiations of WR galaxies are dominated by the free-free emissions from the stellar winds and the circumstellar dust from the late-type stars in the host galaxy. In the 5-22 {mu}m range, the radiation of WR galaxies is dominated by the free-free emissions and the synchrotron radiation from the central active galactic nucleus (AGN; but not always present). In the 22-140 {mu}m range, the radiations of WR galaxies are dominated by the free-free emissions and the star formation/starburst activities. In the 250-500 {mu}m range, the radiation of WR galaxies is dominated by the free-free emissions. In addition, the comparison with the non-WR galaxies is made. It is shown that some star formation WR galaxies have redder near-infrared colors than non-WR star-forming galaxies probably due to the gas emission in the near-infrared. In the 2-5 {mu}m region WR galaxies have redder colors due to the thermal emission from circumstellar dust of late-type stars and the enhanced gas emission. In the 5-22 {mu}m region, both WR galaxies and non-WR galaxies have similar behavior, indicative of having similar free-free emission as the dominant radiation. In the 25-140 {mu}m region, both types of galaxies also have similar behavior, indicative of having free-free emission from the stellar winds or the thermal radiation from the starburst/star formation as the dominant radiation.
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- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/572/A63
- Title:
- Intensity maps in the star-forming complex W33
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/572/A63
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The object W33 is a giant molecular cloud that contains star forming regions at various evolutionary stages from quiescent clumps to developed HII regions. Since its star forming regions are located at the same distance and the primary material of the birth clouds is probably similar, we conducted a comparative chemical study to trace the chemical footprint of the different phases of evolution. We observed six clumps in W33 with the Atacama Pathfinder Experiment (APEX) telescope at 280GHz and the Submillimeter Array (SMA) at 230GHz. We detected 27 transitions of 10 different molecules in the APEX data and 52 transitions of 16 different molecules in the SMA data. The chemistry on scales larger than ~0.2pc, which are traced by the APEX data, becomes more complex and diverse the more evolved the star forming region is. On smaller scales traced by the SMA data, the chemical complexity and diversity increase up to the hot core stage. In the HII region phase, the SMA spectra resemble the spectra of the protostellar phase. Either these more complex molecules are destroyed or their emission is not compact enough to be detected with the SMA. Synthetic spectra modelling of the H_2_CO transitions, as detected with the APEX telescope, shows that both a warm and a cold component are needed to obtain a good fit to the emission for all sources except for W33 Main1. The temperatures and column densities of the two components increase during the evolution of the star forming regions. The integrated intensity ratios N_2_H^+^(3-2)/CS(6-5) and N_2_H^+^(3-2)/H_2_CO(4_2,2_-3_2,1_) show clear trends as a function of evolutionary stage, luminosity, luminosity-to-mass ratio, and H_2_ peak column density of the clumps and might be usable as chemical clocks.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/849/139
- Title:
- Interstellar acetone (CH_3_COCH_3_) in 3 regions
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/849/139
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present observations of interstellar acetone (CH_3_COCH_3_) detected in broadband line surveys in the 1.3mm band from the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory (CSO). The observations were conducted toward three massive star-forming regions: GAL31.41+0.31, GAL034.3+00.2, and GAL10.47+00.03. Numerous acetone lines were detected in these three sources. The results were analyzed using the assumption of local thermodynamic equilibrium. These results rigorously confirm the previous reports of acetone detections in GAL31.41+0.31 and GAL10.47+00.03, and add a new acetone detection in GAL034.3+00.2. Source-averaged column densities for acetone were determined to be 1.1(6)x10^16^cm^-2^ for GAL31.41+0.31, 6.4(3)x10^16^cm^-2^ for GAL10.47+00.03, and 1.3(3)x10^15^cm^-2^ for GAL034.3+00.2. The rotational temperatures of acetone in these three sources range from 49 to 132K, which suggests a complicated formation mechanism for interstellar acetone.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/415/103
- Title:
- IPHAS T Tauri candidates in IC 1396
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/415/103
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The Isaac Newton Telescope (INT) Photometric H-Alpha Survey (IPHAS) is a 1800deg^2^ survey of the Northern Galactic Plane, reaching down to r'~21. We demonstrate how the survey can be used to (1) reliably select classical T Tauri star candidates and (2) constrain the mass accretion rates with an estimated relative uncertainty of 0.6dex. IPHAS is a necessary addition to spectroscopic surveys because it allows large and uniform samples of accretion rates to be obtained with a precise handle on the selection effects. We apply the method on a region of 7deg^2^ towards the HII region IC 1396 in Cepheus OB2 and identify 158 pre-main-sequence candidates with masses between 0.2 and 2.0M_{sun}_ and accretion rates between 10-9.2 and 10-7.0M_{sun}_/yr.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/675/1375
- Title:
- IRAC/MIPS photometry in Cha I
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/675/1375
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present a census of circumstellar disks in the Chamaeleon I star-forming region. Using the Infrared Array Camera and the Multiband Imaging Photometer on board the Spitzer Space Telescope, we have obtained images of Chamaeleon I at 3.6, 4.5, 5.8, 8.0, and 24um. To search for new disk-bearing members of the cluster, we have performed spectroscopy on objects that have red colors in these data. Through this work, we have discovered four new members of Chamaeleon I with spectral types of M4, M6, M7.5, and L0.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/629/A10
- Title:
- IRAS23033+5951 continuum & line data cubes at 1.3mm
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/629/A10
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The formation process of high-mass stars (>8M_{sun}_) is poorly constrained, particularly, the effects of clump fragmentation creating multiple systems and the mechanism of mass accretion onto the cores. We study the fragmentation of dense gas clumps, and trace the circumstellar rotation and outflows by analyzing observations of the high-mass (~500M_{sun}_) star-forming region IRAS 23033+5951. Using the Northern Extended Millimeter Array (NOEMA) in three configurations and the IRAM 30-m single-dish telescope at 220GHz, we probe the gas and dust emission at an angular resolution of ~0.45", corresponding to 1900au. In the mm continuum emission, we identify a protostellar cluster with at least four mm-sources, where three of them show a significantly higher peak intensity well above a signal-to-noise ratio of 100. Hierarchical fragmentation from large to small spatial scales is discussed. Two fragments are embedded in rotating structures and drive molecular outflows, traced by ^13^CO (2-1) emission. The velocity profiles across two of the cores are similar to Keplerian but are missing the highest velocity components close to the center of rotation, which is a common phenomena from observations like these, and other rotation scenarios are not excluded entirely. Position-velocity diagrams suggest protostellar masses of ~6 and 19M_{sun}. Rotational temperatures from fitting CH_3_CN (12_K_-11_K_) spectra are used for estimating the gas temperature and by that the disk stability against gravitational fragmentation, utilizing Toomre's Q parameter. Assuming that the candidate disk is in Keplerian rotation about the central stellar object and considering different disk inclination angles, we identify only one candidate disk to be unstable against gravitational instability caused by axisymmetric perturbations. The dominant sources cover different evolutionary stages within the same maternal gas clump. The appearance of rotation and outflows of the cores are similar to those found in low-mass star-forming regions.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/489/3492
- Title:
- IRC+10216 & omi Cet SCUBA-2 light curves
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/489/3492
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present the sub-mm variability of two of the most well-studied AGB stars, IRC +10216 and omicron Ceti. The data are obtained at 450 and 850um as part of pointing calibration observations for the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope's SCUBA-2 instrument over a span of 7yr. The periods are derived using non-parametric methods, Gatspy Supersmoother and P4J, in order not to assume an underlying shape to the periodicity. These were compared to two Lomb-Scargle parametric methods. We find that for both sources and wavelengths the periods derived from all methods are consistent within {sigma}. The 850um phase folded light curves of IRC +10216 show a time lag of ~540d compared to its optical counterpart. We explore the origins of the sub-mm variability and the phase lag using radiative transfer models. Combining the modelling with findings in the literature, we find that the sub-mm emission and phase lag can be partially attributed to the dust formation or destruction cycle. A second, unknown mechanism must be invoked; we defer an investigation of the origin and nature of this mechanism to a future work.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/756/28
- Title:
- IR counterparts to submm H-ATLAS galaxies
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/756/28
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We use Spitzer-IRAC data to identify near-infrared counterparts to submillimeter galaxies detected with Herschel-SPIRE at 250{mu}m in the Herschel Astrophysical Terahertz Large Area Survey. Using a likelihood ratio analysis we identify 146 reliable IRAC counterparts to 123 SPIRE sources out of the 159 in the survey area. We find that, compared to the field population, the SPIRE counterparts occupy a distinct region of the 3.6 and 4.5{mu}m color-magnitude space, and we use this property to identify 23 further counterparts to 13 SPIRE sources. The IRAC identification rate of 86% is significantly higher than those that have been demonstrated with wide-field ground-based optical and near-IR imaging of Herschel fields. We estimate a false identification rate of 3.6%, corresponding to 4-5 sources. Among the 73 counterparts that are undetected in Sloan Digital Sky Survey, 57 have both 3.6 and 4.5{mu}m coverage. Of these, 43 have [3.6]-[4.5]>0, indicating that they are likely to be at z>~1.4. Thus, ~40% of identified SPIRE galaxies are likely to be high-redshift (z>~1.4) sources. We discuss the statistical properties of the IRAC-identified SPIRE galaxy sample including far-IR luminosities, dust temperatures, star formation rates, and stellar masses. The majority of our detected galaxies have 10^10^-10^11^L_{sun}_ total IR luminosities and are not intense starbursting galaxies as those found at z~2, but they have a factor of 2-3 above average specific star formation rates compared to near-IR selected galaxy samples.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/503/859
- Title:
- IRDC 19175-4 and IRDC 19175-5 turbulence maps
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/503/859
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The aims is to characterizing the gas and dust properties prior to and in the neighborhood of active intermediate- to high-mass star formation. Two Infrared Dark Clouds (IRDCs), IRDC 19175-4 and IRDC 19175-5, that are located in the vicinity of the luminous massive star-forming region IRAS 19175+1357, but that remain absorption features up to 70um wavelength, were observed with the Plateau de Bure Interferometer in the 3.23mm dust continuum as well as the N2H^+^(1-0) and ^13^CS(2-1) line emission.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/559/A79
- Title:
- IRDC APEX/SABOCA observations
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/559/A79
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Infrared-dark clouds (IRDCs) harbor the early phases of cluster and high-mass star formation and are comprised of cold (~20K), dense (n>10^4^cm^-3^) gas. The spectral energy distribution (SED) of IRDCs is dominated by the far-infrared and millimeter wavelength regime, and our initial Herschel study examined IRDCs at the peak of the SED with high angular resolution. Here we present a follow-up study using the SABOCA instrument on APEX which delivers 7.8" angular resolution at 350{mu}m, matching the resolution we achieved with Herschel/PACS, and allowing us to characterize substructure on ~0.1pc scales. Our sample of 11 nearby IRDCs are a mix of filamentary and clumpy morphologies, and the filamentary clouds show significant hierarchical structure, while the clumpy IRDCs exhibit little hierarchical structure. All IRDCs, regardless of morphology, have about 14% of their total mass in small scale core-like structures which roughly follow a trend of constant volume density over all size scales. Out of the 89 protostellar cores we identified in this sample with Herschel, we recover 40 of the brightest and re-fit their SEDs and find their properties agree fairly well with our previous estimates (<T>~19K). We detect a new population of "cold cores" which have no 70{mu}m counterpart, but are 100 and 160{mu}m-bright, with colder temperatures (<T>~16K). This latter population, along with SABOCA-only detections, are predominantly low-mass objects, but their evolutionary diagnostics are consistent with the earliest starless or prestellar phase of cores in IRDCs.