Number of results to display per page
Search Results
262. MALT90 Catalogue
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/other/PASA/33.30
- Title:
- MALT90 Catalogue
- Short Name:
- J/other/PASA/33.
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The Millimetre Astronomy Legacy Team 90GHz survey aims to characterise the physical and chemical evolution of high-mass clumps. Recently completed, it mapped 90GHz line emission towards 3246 high-mass clumps identified from the ATLASGAL 870um Galactic plane survey. By utilising the broad frequency coverage of the Mopra telescope's spectrometer, maps in 16 different emission lines were simultaneously obtained. Here, we describe the first catalogue of the detected line emission, generated by Gaussian profile fitting to spectra extracted towards each clumps' 870um dust continuum peak. Synthetic spectra show that the catalogue has a completeness of >95%, a probability of a false-positive detection of <0.3%, and a relative uncertainty in the measured quantities of <20% over the range of detection criteria. The detection rates are highest for the (1-0) transitions of HCO^+^, HNC, N_2_H^+^, and HCN (~77-89%). Almost all clumps (~95%) are detected in at least one of the molecular transitions, just over half of the clumps (~53%) are detected in four or more of the transitions, while only one clump is detected in 13 transitions. We find several striking trends in the ensemble of properties for the different molecular transitions when plotted as a function of the clumps' evolutionary state as estimated from Spitzer mid-IR images, including (1) HNC is relatively brighter in colder, less evolved clumps than those that show active star formation, (2) N2H+ is relatively brighter in the earlier stages, (3) that the observed optical depth decreases as the clumps evolve, and (4) the optically thickest HCO^+^ emission shows a 'blue-red asymmetry' indicating overall collapse that monotonically decreases as the clumps evolve. This catalogue represents the largest compiled database of line emission towards high-mass clumps and is a valuable data set for detailed studies of these objects.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/154/140
- Title:
- MALT90 kinematic distances to molecular clumps
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/154/140
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Using molecular-line data from the Millimetre Astronomy Legacy Team 90 GHz Survey (MALT90), we have estimated kinematic distances to 1905 molecular clumps identified in the ATLASGAL 870 {mu}m continuum survey over the longitude range 295{deg}<l<350{deg}. The clump velocities were determined using a flux-weighted average of the velocities obtained from Gaussian fits to the HCO^+^, HNC, and N_2_H^+^ (1-0) transitions. The near/far kinematic distance ambiguity was addressed by searching for the presence or absence of absorption or self-absorption features in 21 cm atomic hydrogen spectra from the Southern Galactic Plane Survey. Our algorithm provides an estimation of the reliability of the ambiguity resolution. The Galactic distribution of the clumps indicates positions where the clumps are bunched together, and these locations probably trace the locations of spiral arms. Several clumps fall at the predicted location of the far side of the Scutum-Centaurus arm. Moreover, a number of clumps with positive radial velocities are unambiguously located on the far side of the Milky Way at galactocentric radii beyond the solar circle. The measurement of these kinematic distances, in combination with continuum or molecular-line data, now enables the determination of fundamental parameters such as mass, size, and luminosity for each clump.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/692/422
- Title:
- MAMBO observations of SWIRE sources
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/692/422
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We report on-off pointed MAMBO observations at 1.2mm of 61 Spitzer-selected star-forming galaxies from the Spitzer Wide Area Infrared Extragalactic Legacy survey (SWIRE). The sources are selected on the basis of bright 24um fluxes (F24um>0.4mJy) and of stellar dominated near-infrared spectral energy distributions in order to favor z~2 starburst galaxies. The average 1.2mm flux for the whole sample is 1.5+/-0.2mJy. Our analysis focuses on 29 sources in the Lockman Hole field where the average 1.2mm flux (1.9+/-0.3mJy) is higher than in other fields (1.1+/-0.2mJy). The analysis of the multiwavelength spectral energy distributions indicates that these sources are starburst galaxies with far-infrared luminosities from 10^12^ to 10^13.3^L_{sun}_, and stellar masses of ~0.2-6x10^11^M_{sun}_. Compared to submillimeter selected galaxies (SMGs), the SWIRE-MAMBO sources are among those with the largest 24um/1.2mm flux ratios. The origin of such large ratios is investigated by comparing the average mid-infrared spectra and the stacked far-infrared spectral energy distributions of the SWIRE-MAMBO sources and of SMGs.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/620/A202
- Title:
- MAMMOTH-1 450 and 850um images
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/620/A202
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- In the hierarchical model of structure formation, giant elliptical galaxies form through merging processes within the highest density peaks known as protoclusters. While high-redshift radio galaxies usually pinpoint the location of these environments, we have recently discovered at z~2-3 three enormous (>200kpc) Lyman-alpha nebulae (ELANe) that host multiple active galactic nuclei (AGN) and that are surrounded by overdensities of Lyman- emitters (LAE). These regions are prime candidates for massive protoclusters in the early stages of assembly. To characterize the star-forming activity within these rare structures - both on ELAN and protocluster scales - we have initiated an observational campaign with the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT) and the Atacama Pathfinder EXperiment (APEX) telescopes. In this paper we report on sensitive SCUBA-2/JCMT 850 and 450um observations of a 128 arcmin^2^ field comprising the ELAN MAMMOTH-1, together with the peak of the hosting BOSS1441 LAE overdensity at z=2.32. These observations unveil 4.0+/-1.3 times higher source counts at 850um with respect to blank fields, likely confirming the presence of an overdensity also in obscured tracers. We find a strong detection at 850um associated with the continuum source embedded within the ELAN MAMMOTH-1, which - together with the available data from the literature - allow us to constrain the spectral energy distribution of this source to be of an ultra-luminous infrared galaxy (ULIRG) with a far-infrared luminosity of L^SF^_FIR_=2.4^+7.4^+_-2.1_x10^12^L_{sun}_, and hosting an obscured AGN. Such a source is thus able to power a hard photoionization plus outflow scenario to explain the extended Lyman-, HeII1640; and CIV1549 emission, and their kinematics. In addition, the two brightest detections at 850um (f_850_>18mJy) sit at the density peak of the LAEs; overdensity, likely pinpointing the core of the protocluster. Future multiwavelength and spectroscopic datasets targeting the full extent of the BOSS1441 overdensity have the potential to firmly characterize a cosmic nursery of giant elliptical galaxies, and ultimately of a massive cluster.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/561/A148
- Title:
- Mass Distribution of Infrared Dark Clouds
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/561/A148
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present an analysis of the dust continuum emission at 870um in order to investigate the mass distribution of clumps within infrared dark clouds (IRDCs). We map six IRDCs with the Large APEX BOlometer CAmera (LABOCA) at APEX, reaching an rms noise level of 28-44mJy/beam. The dust continuum emission coming from these IRDCs was decomposed by using two automated algorithms, Gaussclumps and Clumpfind. We identify 510 and 352 sources with Gaussclumps and Clumpfind, respectively, and estimate masses and other physical properties assuming a uniform dust temperature. The mass ranges are 6-2692M_{sun}_(Gaussclumps) and 7-4254M_{sun} (Clumpfind) and the ranges in effective radius are around 0.10-0.74pc (Gaussclumps) and 0.16-0.99pc (Clumpfind). The mass distribution, independent of the decomposition method used, is fitted by a power law, dN/dM{prop.to}M^alpha^, with an index (alpha) of -1.60+/-0.06.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/686/L115
- Title:
- Masses of evolved disks in PMS stars
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/686/L115
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We report deep Submillimeter Array observations of 26 pre-main-sequence (PMS) stars with evolved inner disks. These observations measure the mass of the outer disk (r~20-100AU) across every stage of the dissipation of the inner disk (r<10AU) as determined by the IR spectral energy distributions (SEDs). We find that only targets with high mid-IR excesses are detected and have disk masses in the 1-5M_Jup_ range, while most of our objects remain undetected to sensitivity levels of M_DISK_~0.2-1.5M_Jup_. To put these results in a more general context, we collected publicly available data to construct the optical to millimeter wavelength SEDs of over 120 additional PMS stars. We find that the near-IR and mid-IR emissions remain optically thick in objects whose disk masses span 2 orders of magnitude (~0.5-50M_Jup_). Taken together, these results imply that, in general, inner disks start to dissipate only after the outer disk has been significantly depleted of mass. This provides strong support for photoevaporation being one of the dominant processes driving disk evolution.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/668/906
- Title:
- Massive clumps in NGC 6334
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/668/906
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We report observations of dust continuum emission at 1.2mm toward the star-forming region NGC 6334 made with the SEST SIMBA bolometer array. The observations cover an area of ~2deg^2^ with approximately uniform noise. We detected 181 clumps spanning almost 3 orders of magnitude in mass (3-6x10^3^M_{sun}_) and with sizes in the range 0.1-1.0pc.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/600/L10
- Title:
- Massive cluster progenitors from ATLASGAL
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/600/L10
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The early evolution of massive cluster progenitors is poorly understood. We investigate the fragmentation properties from 0.3pc to 0.06pc scales of a homogenous sample of infrared-quiet massive clumps within 4.5kpc selected from the ATLASGAL survey. Using the ALMA 7m array we detect compact dust continuum emission towards all targets and find that fragmentation, at these scales, is limited. The mass distribution of the fragments uncovers a large fraction of cores above 40M_{sun}_, corresponding to massive dense cores (MDCs) with masses up to ~400M_{sun}_. Seventy-seven percent of the clumps contain at most 3 MDCs per clump, and we also reveal single clumps/MDCs. The most massive cores are formed within the more massive clumps and a high concentration of mass on small scales reveals a high core formation efficiency. The mass of MDCs highly exceeds the local thermal Jeans mass, and we lack the observational evidence of a survey efficiently high level of turbulence or strong enough magnetic fields to keep the most massive MDCs in equilibrium. If already collapsing, the observed fragmentation properties with a high core formation efficiency are consistent with the collapse setting in at parsec scales.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/235/3
- Title:
- Massive outflows associated with ATLASGAL clumps
- Short Name:
- J/ApJS/235/3
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We have undertaken the largest survey for outflows within the Galactic plane using simultaneously observed ^13^CO and C^18^O data. Out of a total of 919 ATLASGAL clumps, 328 have data suitable to identify outflows, and 228 (69%+/-3%) show high-velocity outflows. The clumps with detected outflows show significantly higher clump masses (M_clump_), bolometric luminosities (L_bol_), luminosity-to-mass ratios (L_bol_/M_clump_), and peak H_2_ column densities (N_H2_) compared to those without outflows. Outflow activity has been detected within the youngest quiescent clump (i.e., 70{mu}m weak) in this sample, and we find that the outflow detection rate increases with M_clump_, L_bol_, L_bol_/M_clump_, and N_H2_, approaching 90% in some cases (UC HII regions = 93%+/-3%; masers = 86%+/-4%; HC HII regions = 100%). This high detection rate suggests that outflows are ubiquitous phenomena of massive star formation (MSF). The mean outflow mass entrainment rate implies a mean accretion rate of ~10^-4^M_{sun}_/yr, in full agreement with the accretion rate predicted by theoretical models of MSF. Outflow properties are tightly correlated with M_clump_, L_bol_, and L_bol_/M_clump_ and show the strongest relation with the bolometric clump luminosity. This suggests that outflows might be driven by the most massive and luminous source within the clump. The correlations are similar for both low-mass and high-mass outflows over 7 orders of magnitude, indicating that they may share a similar outflow mechanism. Outflow energy is comparable to the turbulent energy within the clump; however, we find no evidence that outflows increase the level of clump turbulence as the clumps evolve. This implies that the origin of turbulence within clumps is fixed before the onset of star formation.