- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/228/19
- Title:
- Exploring the SDSS data set. I. EMP & CV stars
- Short Name:
- J/ApJS/228/19
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present the results of a search for extremely metal-poor (EMP), carbon-enhanced metal-poor (CEMP), and cataclysmic variable (CV) stars using a new exploration tool based on linked scatter plots (LSPs). Our approach is especially designed to work with very large spectrum data sets such as the SDSS, LAMOST, RAVE, and Gaia data sets, and it can be applied to stellar, galaxy, and quasar spectra. As a demonstration, we conduct our search using the SDSS DR10 data set. We first created a 3326-dimensional phase space containing nearly 2 billion measures of the strengths of over 1600 spectral features in 569738 SDSS stars. These measures capture essentially all the stellar atomic and molecular species visible at the resolution of SDSS spectra. We show how LSPs can be used to quickly isolate and examine interesting portions of this phase space. To illustrate, we use LSPs coupled with cuts in selected portions of phase space to extract EMP stars, CEMP stars, and CV stars. We present identifications for 59 previously unrecognized candidate EMP stars and 11 previously unrecognized candidate CEMP stars. We also call attention to 2 candidate He II emission CV stars found by the LSP approach that have not yet been discussed in the literature.
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Search Results
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/237/38
- Title:
- Extended abundance analysis of KOIs
- Short Name:
- J/ApJS/237/38
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Accurate stellar parameters and precise elemental abundances are vital pieces to correctly characterize discovered planetary systems, better understand planet formation, and trace galactic chemical evolution. We have performed a uniform spectroscopic analysis for 1127 stars, yielding accurate gravity, temperature, and projected rotational velocity in addition to precise abundances for 15 elements (C, N, O, Na, Mg, Al, Si, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, and Y). Most of the stars in this sample are Kepler Objects of Interest, observed by the California-Kepler Survey, and include 1003 stars hosting 1562 confirmed planets. This catalog extends the uniform analysis of our previous catalog, bringing the total number of homogeneously analyzed stars to almost 2700 F, G, and K dwarfs. To ensure consistency between the catalogs, we performed an analysis of our ability to recover parameters as a function of signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) and present individual uncertainties as well as functions to calculate uncertainties for parameters derived from lower S/N spectra. With the updated parameters, we used isochrone fitting to derive new radii, masses, and ages for the stars. We use our abundance analysis to support the finding that the radius gap is likely a result of evolution rather than the result of primordial compositional differences between the two populations.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/847/38
- Title:
- Extreme emission line galaxies at z<~0.05
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/847/38
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Searching for extreme emission line galaxies allows us to find low-mass metal-poor galaxies that are good analogs of high redshift Ly{alpha} emitting galaxies. These low-mass extreme emission line galaxies are also potential Lyman-continuum leakers. Finding them at very low redshifts (z<~0.05) allows us to be sensitive to even lower stellar masses and metallicities. We report on a sample of extreme emission line galaxies at z<~0.05 (blueberry galaxies). We selected them from SDSS broadband images on the basis of their broadband colors and studied their properties with MMT spectroscopy. From the entire SDSS DR12 photometric catalog, we found 51 photometric candidates. We spectroscopically confirm 40 as blueberry galaxies. These blueberries are dwarf starburst galaxies with very small sizes (<1kpc) and very high ionization ([OIII]/[OII]~10-60). They also have some of the lowest stellar masses (log(M/M_{sun}_)~6.5-7.5) and lowest metallicities (7.1<12+log(O/H)<7.8) of starburst galaxies. Thus, they are small counterparts to green pea galaxies and high redshift Ly{alpha} emitting galaxies.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/743/77
- Title:
- Extremely metal-poor (XMP) galaxies in SDSS
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/743/77
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We carry out a systematic search for extremely metal-poor (XMP) galaxies in the spectroscopic sample of Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) data release 7 (DR7). The XMP candidates are found by classifying all the galaxies according to the form of their spectra in a region 80{AA} wide around H{alpha}. Due to the data size, the method requires an automatic classification algorithm. We use k-means. Our systematic search renders 32 galaxies having negligible [NII] lines, as expected in XMP galaxy spectra. Twenty-one of them have been previously identified as XMP galaxies in the literature - the remaining 11 are new. This was established after a thorough bibliographic search that yielded only some 130 galaxies known to have an oxygen metallicity 10 times smaller than the Sun (explicitly, with 12+log(O/H)<=7.65). XMP galaxies are rare; they represent 0.01% of the galaxies with emission lines in SDSS/DR7. Although the final metallicity estimate of all candidates remains pending, strong-line empirical calibrations indicate a metallicity about one-tenth solar, with the oxygen metallicity of the 21 known targets being 12+log(O/H)~7.61+/-0.19. Since the SDSS catalog is limited in apparent magnitude, we have been able to estimate the volume number density of XMP galaxies in the local universe, which turns out to be (1.32+/-0.23)x10^-4^Mpc^-3^. The XMP galaxies constitute 0.1% of the galaxies in the local volume, or ~0.2% considering only emission-line galaxies. All but four of our candidates are blue compact dwarf galaxies, and 24 of them have either cometary shape or are formed by chained knots.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/860/83
- Title:
- 22 extreme [OIII] emitters at z~0.5 from SDSS-DR14
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/860/83
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We have found a sample of extreme emission-line galaxies (EELGs) with strong [OIII]{lambda}5007 emission at z~0.5. Using broadband photometric selection and requiring small uncertainties in photometry, we searched the 14th Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) and found 2658 candidates with strong i-band excess (i-z<=r-i-0.7). We further obtained 649 SDSS spectra of these objects, and visually identified 22 [OIII] emitters lying at 0.40<z<0.63. Having constructed their ultraviolet-infrared spectral energy distributions, we found that they have fairly blue r-W2 and red W1-W4 colors, indicative of strong, warm dust emission. Their rest-frame [OIII]{lambda}5007 equivalent widths are mostly 200-600{AA}, and their high [OIII]{lambda}5007/H{beta} ratios put them at the boundary of star-forming galaxies and active galactic nuclei on line ratio classification diagrams. The typical E(B-V) and electron temperature of [OIII] emitters are ~0.1-0.3mag and ~104K, respectively. The lowest metallicity of our [OIII] emitters with S/N[OIII]{lambda}4363>3 is 12+log(O/H)=7.98_-0.02_^+0.12^, with a median value of 8.24_-0.04_^+0.05^. Our [OIII] emitters exhibit remarkably high line luminosity-18/22 have L[OIII]{lambda}5007>5x10^42^erg/s and 5/22 have L[OIII]{lambda}5007>10^43^erg/s. Their estimated volume number density at z~0.5 is ~2x10^-8^Mpc^-3^, with L[OIII]{lambda}5007 down to ~3x10^42^erg/s. The cumulative number distribution of EELGs across different redshifts is indicative of a strong redshift evolution at the bright end of the [OIII] luminosity function.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/895/78
- Title:
- [Fe/H] and [{alpha}/Fe] in M31 dwarf galaxies
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/895/78
- Date:
- 15 Mar 2022 06:34:41
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present chemical abundances of red giant branch (RGB) stars in the dwarf spheroidal (dSph) satellite system of Andromeda (M31), using spectral synthesis of medium-resolution (R~6000) spectra obtained with the KeckII telescope and Deep Imaging Multi-Object Spectrometer spectrograph via the Spectroscopic and Photometric Landscape of Andromeda's Stellar Halo survey. We coadd stars according to their similarity in photometric metallicity or effective temperature to obtain a signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) high enough to measure average [Fe/H] and [{alpha}/Fe] abundances. We validate our method using high S/N spectra of RGB stars in Milky Way globular clusters, as well as deep observations for a subset of the M31 dSphs in our sample. For this set of validation coadds, we compare the weighted average abundance of the individual stars with the abundance determined from the coadd. We present individual and coadded measurements of [Fe/H] and [{alpha}/Fe] for stars in 10 M31 dSphs, including the first [{alpha}/Fe] measurements for And IX, XIV, XV, and XVIII. These fainter, less massive dSphs show declining [{alpha}/Fe] relative to [Fe/H], implying an extended star formation history (SFH). In addition, these dSphs also follow the same mass-metallicity relation found in other Local Group satellites. The conclusions we infer from coadded spectra agree with those from previous measurements in brighter M31 dSphs with individual abundance measurements, as well as conclusions from photometric studies. These abundances greatly increase the number of spectroscopic measurements of the chemical composition of M31's less massive dwarf satellites, which are crucial to understanding their SFH and interaction with the M31 system.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/736/86
- Title:
- FeII emission in SDSS type 1 AGNs
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/736/86
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We used a large, homogeneous sample of 4178 z<=0.8 Seyfert 1 galaxies and QSOs selected from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey to investigate the strength of FeII emission and its correlation with other emission lines and physical parameters of active galactic nuclei. We find that the strongest correlations of almost all the emission-line intensity ratios and equivalent widths (EWs) are with the Eddington ratio (L/L_Edd_), rather than with the continuum luminosity at 5100{AA} (L_5100_) or black hole mass (M_BH_); the only exception is the EW of ultraviolet FeII emission, which does not correlate at all with broad-line width, L_5100_, M_BH_, or L/L_Edd_. By contrast, the intensity ratios of both the ultraviolet and optical FeII emission to MgII{lambda}2800 correlate quite strongly with L/L_Edd_. Interestingly, among all the emission lines in the near-UV and optical studied in this paper (including MgII{lambda}2800, H{beta}, and [OIII]{lambda}5007), the EW of narrow optical FeII emission has the strongest correlation with L/L_Edd_. We hypothesize that the variation of the emission-line strength in active galaxies is regulated by L/L_Edd_ because it governs the global distribution of the hydrogen column density of the clouds gravitationally bound in the line-emitting region, as well as its overall gas supply. The systematic dependence on L/L_Edd_ must be corrected when using the FeII/MgII intensity ratio as a measure of the Fe/Mg abundance ratio to study the history of chemical evolution in QSO environments.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/247/9
- Title:
- FGK stars magnetic activity in LAMOST-Kepler field
- Short Name:
- J/ApJS/247/9
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Monitoring chromospheric and photospheric indexes of magnetic activity can provide valuable information, especially the interaction between different parts of the atmosphere and their response to magnetic fields. We extract chromospheric indexes, S and R_HK_^+^, for 59816 stars from LAMOST spectra in the LAMOST-Kepler program, and photospheric index, Reff, for 5575 stars from Kepler light curves. The log Reff shows positive correlation with logR_HK_^+^. We estimate the power-law indexes between Reff and R_HK_^+^ for F-, G-, and K-type stars, respectively. We also confirm the dependence of both chromospheric and photospheric activity on stellar rotation. Ca ii H and K emissions and photospheric variations generally decrease with increasing rotation periods for stars with rotation periods exceeding a few days. The power-law indexes in exponential decay regimes show different characteristics in the two activity-rotation relations. The updated largest sample including the activity proxies and reported rotation periods provides more information to understand the magnetic activity for cool stars.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/851/31
- Title:
- 2FGL J0846.0+2820 opt. counterpart follow-up
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/851/31
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present optical photometric and spectroscopic observations of the likely stellar counterpart to the unassociated Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) {gamma}-ray source 2FGL J0846.0+2820, selected for study based on positional coincidences of optical variables with unassociated LAT sources. Using optical spectroscopy from the SOAR telescope, we have identified a late-G giant in an eccentric (e=0.06) 8.133-day orbit with an invisible primary. Modeling the spectroscopy and photometry together led us to infer a heavy neutron star primary of ~2M_{sun}_ and a partially stripped giant secondary of ~0.8M_{sun}_. H{alpha} emission is observed in some of the spectra, perhaps consistent with the presence of a faint accretion disk. We find that the {gamma}-ray flux of 2FGL J0846.0+2820 dropped substantially in mid-2009, accompanied by an increased variation in the optical brightness, and since then, it has not been detected by Fermi. The long period and giant secondary are reminiscent of the {gamma}-ray bright binary 1FGL J1417.7-4407, which hosts a millisecond pulsar (MSP) apparently in the final stages of the pulsar recycling process. The discovery of 2FGL J0846.0+2820 suggests the identification of a new subclass of MSP binaries that are the likely progenitors of typical field MSPs.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/757/51
- Title:
- FIRST-2MASS dust-reddened QSO spectra
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/757/51
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present a sample of 120 dust-reddened quasars identified by matching radio sources detected at 1.4GHz in the Faint Images of the Radio Sky at Twenty Centimeters survey (FIRST) with the near-infrared Two Micron All Sky Survey catalog (2MASS) and color-selecting red sources. Optical and/or near-infrared spectroscopy provide broad wavelength sampling of their spectral energy distributions that we use to determine their reddening, characterized by E(B-V). We demonstrate that the reddening in these quasars is best described by Small-Magellanic-Cloud-like dust. This sample spans a wide range in redshift and reddening (0.1<~z<~3, 0.1<~E(B-V)<~1.5), which we use to investigate the possible correlation of luminosity with reddening. At every redshift, dust-reddened quasars are intrinsically the most luminous quasars. We interpret this result in the context of merger-driven quasar/galaxy co-evolution where these reddened quasars are revealing an emergent phase during which the heavily obscured quasar is shedding its cocoon of dust prior to becoming a "normal" blue quasar. When correcting for extinction, we find that, depending on how the parent population is defined, these red quasars make up <~15%-20% of the luminous quasar population. We estimate, based on the fraction of objects in this phase, that its duration is 15%-20% as long as the unobscured, blue quasar phase.