- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/883/84
- Title:
- MIKE obs. of 2 metal-poor stars in Sylgr stream
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/883/84
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We observe two metal-poor main-sequence stars that are members of the recently discovered Sylgr stellar stream. We present radial velocities, stellar parameters, and abundances for 13 elements derived from high-resolution optical spectra collected using the Magellan Inamori Kyocera Echelle spectrograph. The two stars have identical compositions (within 0.13 dex or 1.2{sigma}) among all elements detected. Both stars are very metal-poor ([Fe/H]=-2.92+/-0.06). Neither star is highly enhanced in C ([C/Fe]<+1.0). Both stars are enhanced in the {alpha} elements Mg, Si, and Ca ([{alpha}/Fe]=+0.32+/-0.06), and the ratios among Na, Al, and all Fe-group elements are typical for other stars in the halo and ultra-faint and dwarf spheroidal galaxies at this metallicity. Sr is mildly enhanced ([Sr/Fe]=+0.22+/-0.11), but Ba is not enhanced ([Ba/Fe]{<}-0.4), indicating that these stars do not contain high levels of neutron-capture elements. The Li abundances match those found in metal-poor unevolved field stars and globular clusters (GCs) (log{epsilon}(Li)=2.05+/-0.07), which implies that environment is not a dominant factor in determining the Li content of metal-poor stars. The chemical compositions of these two stars cannot distinguish whether the progenitor of the Sylgr stream was a dwarf galaxy or a GC. If the progenitor was a dwarf galaxy, the stream may originate from a dense region such as a nuclear star cluster. If the progenitor was a GC, it would be the most metal-poor GC known.
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- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/162/137
- Title:
- Minerva-Australis radial velocity of AU Mic
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/162/137
- Date:
- 14 Mar 2022 08:18:00
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We report measurements of the sky-projected spin-orbit angle for AU Mic b, a Neptune-size planet orbiting a very young (~20Myr) nearby pre-main-sequence M-dwarf star, which also hosts a bright, edge-on, debris disk. The planet was recently discovered from preliminary analysis of radial-velocity observations and confirmed to be transiting its host star from photometric data from the NASA's TESS mission. We obtained radial-velocity measurements of AU Mic over the course of two partially observable transits and one full transit of planet b from high-resolution spectroscopic observations made with the MINERVA-Australis telescope array. Only a marginal detection of the Rossiter-McLaughlin effect signal was obtained from the radial velocities, in part due to AU Mic being an extremely active star and the lack of full transit coverage plus sufficient out-of-transit baseline. As such, a precise determination of the obliquity for AU Mic b is not possible in this study and we find a sky-projected spin-orbit angle of {lambda}=47_-54_^+26^deg . This result is consistent with both the planet's orbit being aligned or highly misaligned with the spin axis of its host star. Our measurement independently agrees with, but is far less precise than observations carried out on other instruments around the same time that measure a low-obliquity orbit for the planet. AU Mic is the youngest exoplanetary system for which the projected spin-orbit angle has been measured, making it a key data point in the study of the formation and migration of exoplanets-particularly given that the system is also host to a bright debris disk.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/855/140
- Title:
- MMT spectra of SNRs and SNR candidates in M33
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/855/140
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- To date, over 220 emission nebulae in M33 have been identified as supernova remnants (SNRs) or SNR candidates, principally through [SII]:H{alpha} line ratios that are elevated compared to those in HII regions. In many cases, the determination of a high [SII]:H{alpha} line ratio was made using narrow-band interference filter images and has not been confirmed spectroscopically. Here, we present MMT 6.5m optical spectra that we use to measure [SII]:H{alpha} and other line ratios in an attempt to determine the nature of these suggested candidates. Of the 197 objects in our sample, 120 have no previously published spectroscopic observations. We confirm that the majority of candidate SNRs have emission line ratios characteristic of SNRs. While no candidates show Doppler-broadened lines expected from young, ejecta-dominated SNRs (>~1000km/s), a substantial number do exhibit lines that are broader than HII regions. We argue that the majority of the objects with high [SII]:H{alpha} line ratios (>0.4) are indeed SNRs, but the distinction between HII regions and SNRs becomes less obvious at low surface brightness, and additional criteria, such as X-ray detection, are needed. We discuss the properties of the sample as a whole and compare it with similar samples in other nearby galaxies.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/903/151
- Title:
- MMT spectroscopic redshift catalog of the A521 field
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/903/151
- Date:
- 21 Mar 2022 05:59:04
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- A521 has been a subject of extensive panchromatic studies from X-ray to radio. The cluster possesses a number of remarkable features, including a bright radio relic with a steep spectrum, more than three distinct galaxy groups forming a filament, and two disturbed X-ray peaks at odds with the distant position and tilted orientation of the radio relic. These lines of evidence indicate a complex merger. In this paper, we present a multiwavelength study of A521 based on Subaru optical, Hubble Space Telescope infrared, Chandra X-ray, Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope radio, and Multiple Mirror Telescope optical spectroscopic observations. Our weak-lensing (WL) analysis with improved systematics control reveals that A521 is mainly composed of three substructures aligned in the northwest to southeast orientation. These WL mass substructures are remarkably well-aligned with the cluster optical luminosity distribution constructed from our new enhanced cluster member catalog. These individual substructure masses are determined by simultaneously fitting three Navarro-Frenk-White profiles. We find that the total mass of A521 modeled by the superposition of the three halos is 13.0_-1.3_^+1.0^x10^14^M{odot}, a factor of 2 higher than the previous WL measurement. With these WL mass constraints combined with X-ray and radio features, we consider two merging scenarios, carry out the corresponding numerical simulations, and discuss the strengths and weaknesses of each case.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/901/93
- Title:
- Model atmosphere analysis of hot WDs from SDSS DR12
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/901/93
- Date:
- 18 Feb 2022 00:21:32
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- As they evolve, white dwarfs undergo major changes in surface composition, a phenomenon known as spectral evolution. In particular, some stars enter the cooling sequence with helium atmospheres (type DO) but eventually develop hydrogen atmospheres (type DA), most likely through the upward diffusion of residual hydrogen. Our empirical knowledge of this process remains scarce: the fractions of white dwarfs that are born helium rich and that experience the DO-to-DA transformation are poorly constrained. We tackle this issue by performing a detailed model-atmosphere investigation of 1806 hot (Teff>=30000K) white dwarfs observed spectroscopically by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. We first introduce our new generations of model atmospheres and theoretical cooling tracks, both appropriate for hot white dwarfs. We then present our spectroscopic analysis, from which we determine the atmospheric and stellar parameters of our sample objects. We find that ~24% of white dwarfs begin their degenerate life as DO stars, among which ~2/3 later become DA stars. We also infer that the DO-to-DA transition occurs at substantially different temperatures (75000K>Teff>30000K) for different objects, implying a broad range of hydrogen content within the DO population. Furthermore, we identify 127 hybrid white dwarfs, including 31 showing evidence of chemical stratification, and we discuss how these stars fit in our understanding of the spectral evolution. Finally, we uncover significant problems in the spectroscopic mass scale of very hot (Teff>60000K) white dwarfs.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/869/142
- Title:
- Monitoring AGNs with H{beta} Asymmetry (MAHA). I.
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/869/142
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We have started a long-term reverberation mapping (RM) project using the Wyoming Infrared Observatory 2.3m telescope titled "Monitoring AGNs with H{beta} Asymmetry" (MAHA). The motivations of the project are to explore the geometry and kinematics of the gas responsible for complex H{beta} emission-line profiles, ideally leading to an understanding of the structures and origins of the broad-line region (BLR). Furthermore, such a project provides the opportunity to search for evidence of close binary supermassive black holes. We describe MAHA and report initial results from our first campaign, from 2016 December to 2017 May, highlighting velocity-resolved time lags for four active galactic nuclei (AGNs) with asymmetric H{beta} lines. We find that 3C120, Ark120, and Mrk6 display complex features different from the simple signatures expected for pure outflow, inflow, or a Keplerian disk. While three of the objects have been previously reverberation mapped, including velocity-resolved time lags in the cases of 3C120 and Mrk6, we report a time lag and corresponding black hole mass measurement for SBS1518+593 for the first time. Furthermore, SBS1518+593, the least asymmetric of the four, does show velocity-resolved time lags characteristic of a Keplerian disk or virialized motion more generally. Also, the velocity-resolved time lags of 3C120 have significantly changed since previously observed, indicating an evolution of its BLR structure. Future analyses of the data for these objects and others in MAHA will explore the full diversity of H{beta} lines and the physics of AGN BLRs.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/369/57
- Title:
- Monitoring Mkn 279 in BVRI and H{beta} fluxes
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/369/57
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Mid-infrared images of the Seyfert 1 galaxy Mrk 279 obtained with the ISO satellite are presented together with the results of a one-year monitoring campaign of the 2.5-11.7{mu}m spectrum. Contemporaneous optical photometric and spectrophotometric observations are also presented. The galaxy appears as a point-like source at the resolution of the ISOCAM instrument (4-5"). The 2.5-11.7{mu}m average spectrum of the nucleus in Mrk 279 shows a strong power law continuum with {alpha}=-0.80+/-0.05 (F_{nu}_{prop.to}{nu}^{alpha}^) and weak PAH emission features. The Mrk 279 spectral energy distribution shows a mid-IR bump, which extends from 2 to 15-20{mu}m. The mid-IR bump is consistent with thermal emission from dust grains at a distance of >100 light-days. No significant variations of the mid-IR flux have been detected during our observing campaign, consistent with the relatively low amplitude (~10% rms) of the optical variability during the campaign. The time delay for H{beta} line emission in response to the optical continuum variations is {tau}=16.7^+5.3^_-5.6_days, consistent with previous measurements.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/873/117
- Title:
- Monitoring of the double quasar SDSS J1442+4055
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/873/117
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present r-band photometric monitoring of the two images, A and B, of the gravitationally lensed quasar SDSS J1442+4055 using the Liverpool Telescope (LT). From the LT light curves between 2015 December and 2018 August, we derive at once a time delay of 25.0+/-1.5d (1{sigma} confidence interval; A is leading) and microlensing magnification gradients below 10^-4^mag/d. The delay interval is not expected to be affected by an appreciable microlensing-induced bias, so it can be used to estimate cosmological parameters. This paper also focuses on new Gran Telescopio Canarias (GTC) and LT spectroscopic observations of the lens system. We determine the redshift of two bright galaxies around the doubly imaged quasar using LT spectroscopy, while GTC data lead to low-noise individual spectra of A, B, and the main lensing galaxy, G1. The G1 spectral shape is accurately matched to an early-type galaxy template at z=0.284, and it has potential for further relevant studies. Additionally, the quasar spectra show absorption by metal-rich gas at z~2. This dusty absorber is responsible for an extinction bump at a rest-frame wavelength of 2209+/-2{AA}, which has strengths of ~0.47 and 0.76mag/{mu}m for A and B, respectively. In such an intervening system, the dust-to-gas ratio, gas-phase metallicity indicator [Zn/H], and dust depletion level [Fe/Zn] are relatively high.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/886/40
- Title:
- Most luminous SPIRITS IR transients follow-up obs.
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/886/40
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present a systematic study of the most luminous (MIR [Vega magnitudes] brighter than -14) infrared (IR) transients discovered by the SPitzer InfraRed Intensive Transients Survey (SPIRITS) between 2014 and 2018 in nearby galaxies (D<35Mpc). The sample consists of nine events that span peak IR luminosities of M_[4.5],peak_ between -14 and -18.2, show IR colors between 0.2<([3.6]-[4.5])<3.0, and fade on timescales between 55d<t_fade_<480d. The two reddest events (A_V_>12) show multiple, luminous IR outbursts over several years and have directly detected, massive progenitors in archival imaging. With analyses of extensive, multiwavelength follow-up, we suggest the following possible classifications: five obscured core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe), two erupting massive stars, one luminous red nova, and one intermediate-luminosity red transient. We define a control sample of all optically discovered transients recovered in SPIRITS galaxies and satisfying the same selection criteria. The control sample consists of eight CCSNe and one Type Iax SN. We find that 7 of the 13 CCSNe in the SPIRITS sample have lower bounds on their extinction of 2<A_V_<8. We estimate a nominal fraction of CCSNe in nearby galaxies that are missed by optical surveys as high as 38.5_-21.9_^+26.0^% (90% confidence). This study suggests that a significant fraction of CCSNe may be heavily obscured by dust and therefore undercounted in the census of nearby CCSNe from optical searches.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/124/234
- Title:
- M31 outer halo UBVRI photometry and metallicity
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/124/234
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present first results from a spectroscopic survey designed to examine the metallicity and kinematics of individual red giant branch stars in the outer halo of the Andromeda spiral galaxy (M31). This study is based on multislit spectroscopy with the Keck II 10m telescope and Low Resolution Imaging Spectrograph of the Ca II near-infrared triplet in 99 M31 halo candidates in a field at R=19kpc on the southeast minor axis with brightnesses from 20<I<22.