- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/781/2
- Title:
- Redshifts of 1151 galaxies from SDSS
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/781/2
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Lines of sight with multiple projected cluster-scale gravitational lenses have high total masses and complex lens plane interactions that can boost the area of magnification, or etendue, making detection of faint background sources more likely than elsewhere. To identify these new "compound" cosmic telescopes, we have found directions in the sky with the highest integrated mass densities, as traced by the projected concentrations of luminous red galaxies (LRGs). We use new galaxy spectroscopy to derive preliminary magnification maps for two such lines of sight with total mass exceeding ~3x10^15^M_{sun}_. From 1151 MMT Hectospec spectra of galaxies down to i_AB_=21.2, we identify two to three group- and cluster-scale halos in each beam. These are well traced by LRGs. The majority of the mass in beam J085007.6+360428 (0850) is contributed by Zwicky 1953, a massive cluster at z=0.3774, whereas beam J130657.5+463219 (1306) is composed of three halos with virial masses of 6x10^14^-2x10^15^M_{sun}_, one of which is A1682. The magnification maps derived from our mass models based on spectroscopy and Sloan Digital Sky Survey photometry alone display substantial etendue: the 68% confidence bands on the lens plane area with magnification exceeding 10 for a source plane of z_s_=10 are [1.2,3.8]arcmin^2^ for 0850 and [2.3,6.7]arcmin^2^ for 1306. In deep Subaru Suprime-Cam imaging of beam 0850, we serendipitously discover a candidate multiply imaged V-dropout source at z_phot_=5.03. The location of the candidate multiply imaged arcs is consistent with the critical curves for a source plane of z=5.03 predicted by our mass model. Incorporating the position of the candidate multiply imaged galaxy as a constraint on the critical curve location in 0850 narrows the 68% confidence band on the lens plane area with {mu}>10 and z_s_=10 to [1.8,4.2]arcmin^2^, an etendue range comparable to that of MACS 0717+3745 and El Gordo, two of the most powerful single cluster lenses known. The significant lensing power of our beams makes them powerful probes of reionization and galaxy formation in the early universe.
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Search Results
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/750/168
- Title:
- Redshift survey in the Subaru GTO2deg^2^ field
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/750/168
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We use a dense redshift survey in the foreground of the Subaru GTO2deg^2^ weak-lensing field (centered at 16:04:44+43:11'24 (2000) to assess the completeness and comment on the purity of massive halo identification in the weak-lensing map. The redshift survey (published here) includes 4541 galaxies; 4405 are new redshifts measured with the Hectospec on the MMT. Among the weak-lensing peaks with a signal to noise greater than 4.25, 2/3 correspond to individual massive systems; this result is essentially identical to the Geller et al. (2010ApJ...709..832G) test of the Deep Lens Survey (DLS) field F2. The Subaru map, based on images in substantially better seeing than the DLS, enables detection of less massive halos at fixed redshift as expected. We demonstrate that the procedure adopted by Miyazaki et al. (2002ApJ...580L..97M) for removing some contaminated peaks from the weak-lensing map improves agreement between the lensing map and the redshift survey in the identification of candidate massive systems.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/162/193
- Title:
- Redshift survey nearby galaxy cluster A2626
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/162/193
- Date:
- 16 Mar 2022 00:18:57
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- New MMT/Hectospec spectroscopy centered on the galaxy cluster A2626 and covering a ~1.8deg^2^ area out to z~0.46 more than doubles the number of galaxy redshifts in this region. The spectra confirm four clusters previously identified photometrically. A2625, which was previously thought to be a close neighbor of A2626, is in fact much more distant. The new data show six substructures associated with A2626 and five more associated with A2637. There is also a highly collimated collection of galaxies and galaxy groups between A2626 and A2637 having at least three and probably four substructures. At larger scales, the A2626-A2637 complex is not connected to the Pegasus-Perseus filament.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/869/124
- Title:
- Redshift survey of the nearby galaxy cluster A2107
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/869/124
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We study the rotational motion of the galaxy cluster A2107 at redshift z=0.04 and its connection to nearby large-scale structures using a large amount of spectroscopic redshift data. By combining 978 new redshifts from the MMT/Hectospec observations with data in the literature, we construct a large sample of 1968 galaxies with measured redshifts at clustercentric radius R<60'. Our sample has high (80%) and spatially uniform completeness at r-band apparent magnitude m_r,Petro,0_<19.1. We first apply the caustic method to the sample and identify 285 member galaxies of A2107 at R<60'. Then the rotation amplitude and the position angle of the rotation axis are measured. We find that the member galaxies show strong global rotation at R<20' (v_rot_/{sigma}_v_~0.6) with a significance of >3.8{sigma}, which is confirmed by two independent methods. The rotation becomes weaker in outer regions. There are at least five filamentary structures that are connected to the cluster and that consist of known galaxy groups. These structures are smoothly connected to the cluster, which seem to be inducing the global rotation of the cluster through inflow of galaxies.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/629/A131
- Title:
- Reduced X-shooter spectra of GRB 190114A
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/629/A131
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We report the detections of molecular hydrogen (H_2_), vibrationally-excited H_2_ (H_2_*), and neutral atomic carbon (CI), an efficient tracer of molecular gas, in two new afterglow spectra of GRBs 181020A (z=2.938) and 190114A (z=3.376), observed with X-shooter at the Very Large Telescope (VLT). Both host-galaxy absorption systems are characterized by strong damped Lyman-alpha absorbers (DLAs) and substantial amounts of molecular hydrogen with logN(HI,H_2_)=22.20+/-0.05, 20.40+/-0.04 (GRB 181020A) and logN(HI, H_2_)=22.15+/-0.05, 19.44+/-0.04 (GRB 190114A). The DLA metallicites, depletion levels, and dust extinctions are within the typical regimes probed by GRBs with [Zn/H]=-1.57+/-0.06, [Zn/Fe]=0.67+/-0.03, and AV=0.27+/-0.02mag (GRB 181020A) and [Zn/H]=-1.23+/-0.07, [Zn/Fe]=1.06+/-0.08, and AV=0.36+/-0.02mag (GRB 190114A). In addition, we examine the molecular gas content of all known H2-bearing GRB-DLAs and explore the physical conditions and characteristics required to simultaneously probe CI and H_2_*. We confirm that H2 is detected in all CI- and H2*-bearing GRB absorption systems, but that these rarer features are not necessarily detected in all GRB H2 absorbers. We find that a large molecular fraction of f_H2_>~10^-3^ is required for CI to be detected. The defining characteristic for H_2_* to be present is less clear, though a large H_2_ column density is an essential factor. We also find that the observed line profiles of the molecular-gas tracers are kinematically "cold", with small velocity offsets of {delta}v<20km/s from the bulk of the neutral absorbing gas. We then derive the H_2_ excitation temperatures of the molecular gas and find that they are relatively low with Tex~=100-300K, however, there could be evidence of warmer components populating the high-J H_2_ levels in GRBs 181020A and 190114A. Finally, we demonstrate that even though the X-shooter GRB afterglow campaign has been successful in recovering several H2-bearing GRB-host absorbers, this sample is still hampered by a significant dust bias excluding the most dust-obscured H_2_ absorbers from identification. CI and H_2_* could open a potential route to identify molecular gas even in low-metallicity or highly dust-obscured bursts, though they are only efficient tracers for the most H2-rich GRB-host absorption systems.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/742/89
- Title:
- Relations between spectra and colors of SNe Ia
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/742/89
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- To understand how best to use observations of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) to obtain precise and accurate distances, we investigate the relations between spectra of SNe Ia and their intrinsic colors. Using a sample of 1630 optical spectra of 255 SNe, based primarily on data from the CfA Supernova Program, we examine how the velocity evolution and line strengths of SiII(6355) and CaII H&K are related to the B-V color at peak brightness. We find that the maximum-light velocity of SiII6355 and CaII H&K and the maximum-light pseudo-equivalent width of SiII6355 are correlated with intrinsic color, with intrinsic color having a linear relation with the SiII6355 measurements. CaII H&K does not have a linear relation with intrinsic color, but lower-velocity SNe tend to be intrinsically bluer. Combining the spectroscopic measurements does not improve intrinsic color inference. The intrinsic color scatter is larger for higher-velocity SNe Ia - even after removing a linear trend with velocity - indicating that lower-velocity SNe Ia are more "standard crayons". Employing information derived from SN Ia spectra has the potential to improve the measurements of extragalactic distances and the cosmological properties inferred from them.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/887/196
- Title:
- REQUIEM survey. I. Ly{alpha} halos around QSOs
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/887/196
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The discovery of quasars a few hundred megayears after the Big Bang represents a major challenge to our understanding of black holes as well as galaxy formation and evolution. Quasars' luminosity is produced by extreme gas accretion onto black holes, which have already reached masses of M_BH_>10^9^M_{sun}_ by z~6. Simultaneously, their host galaxies form hundreds of stars per year, using up gas in the process. To understand which environments are able to sustain the rapid formation of these extreme sources, we started a Very Large Telescope/Multi-Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) effort aimed at characterizing the surroundings of a sample of 5.7<z<6.6 quasars, which we have dubbed the Reionization Epoch QUasar InvEstigation with MUSE (REQUIEM) survey. We here present results of our searches for extended Ly{alpha} halos around the first 31 targets observed as part of this program. Reaching 5{sigma} surface brightness limits of 0.1-1.1x10^-17^erg/s/cm^2^/arcsec^2^ over a 1arcsec^2^ aperture, we were able to unveil the presence of 12 Ly{alpha} nebulae, eight of which are newly discovered. The detected nebulae show a variety of emission properties and morphologies with luminosities ranging from 8x10^42^ to 2x10^44^erg/s, FWHMs between 300 and 1700km/s, sizes <30pkpc, and redshifts consistent with those of the quasar host galaxies. As the first statistical and homogeneous investigation of the circumgalactic medium of massive galaxies at the end of the reionization epoch, the REQUIEM survey enables the study of the evolution of the cool gas surrounding quasars in the first 3Gyr of the universe. A comparison with the extended Ly{alpha} emission observed around bright (M_1450_<~-25mag) quasars at intermediate redshift indicates little variations on the properties of the cool gas from z~6 to z~3, followed by a decline in the average surface brightness down to z~2.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/162/150
- Title:
- Resolving circumstellar environment of MWC137 .II.
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/162/150
- Date:
- 14 Mar 2022 06:35:34
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The Galactic B[e] supergiant MWC137 is surrounded by a large-scale optical nebula. To shed light on the physical conditions and kinematics of the nebula, we analyze the optical forbidden emission lines [NII] {lambda}{lambda}6548,6583 and [SII] {lambda}{lambda}6716,6731 in long-slit spectra taken with ALFOSC at the Nordic Optical Telescope. The radial velocities display a complex behavior but, in general, the northern nebular features are predominantly approaching while the southern ones are mostly receding. The electron density shows strong variations across the nebula with values spreading from about zero to ~800cm^-3^. Higher densities are found closer to MWC137 and in regions of intense emission, whereas in regions with high radial velocities the density decreases significantly. We also observe the entire nebula in the two [SII] lines with the scanning Fabry-Perot interferometer attached to the 6m telescope of the Special Astrophysical Observatory. These data reveal a new bow-shaped feature at PA=225{deg}-245{deg} and a distance 80" from MWC137. A new H{alpha} image has been taken with the Danish 1.54m telescope on La Silla. No expansion or changes in the nebular morphology appear within 18.1yr. We derive a mass of 37_-5_^+9^M{sun} and an age of 4.7{+/-}0.8Myr for MWC137. Furthermore, we detect a period of 1.93d in the time series photometry collected with the TESS satellite, which could suggest stellar pulsations. Other, low-frequency variability is seen as well. Whether these signals are caused by internal gravity waves in the early-type star or by variability in the wind and circumstellar matter currently cannot be distinguished.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/876/102
- Title:
- Reverberation mapping of the Seyfert Zw I 1
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/876/102
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We report results of the first reverberation mapping campaign of I Zwicky 1 during 2014-2016, which showed unambiguous reverberations of the broad H{beta} line emission in the varying optical continuum. From analysis using several methods, we obtain a reverberation lag of {tau}_H{beta}_=37.2_-4.9_^+4.5^days. Taking a virial factor of f_BLR_=1, we find a black hole mass of M_{bullet}_=9.30_-1.38_^+1.26^x10^6^M_{sun}_ from the mean spectra. The accretion rate is estimated to be 203.9_-65.8_^+61.0^L_Edd_c^-2^, suggesting a super-Eddington accretor, where LEdd is the Eddington luminosity and c is the speed of light. By decomposing Hubble Space Telescope images, we find that the stellar mass of the bulge of its host galaxy is log(M_bulge_/M_{sun}_)=10.92+/-0.07. This leads to a black hole to bulge mass ratio of ~10^-4^, which is significantly smaller than that of classical bulges and elliptical galaxies. After subtracting the host contamination from the observed luminosity, we find that I Zw 1 follows the empirical R_BLR_{propto}L_5100_^1/2^ relation.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/886/42
- Title:
- Reverberation mapping & opt. spectra data of AGNs
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/886/42
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The radius-luminosity (R_H{beta}_-L_5100_) relationship of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) established by the reverberation mapping (RM) observations has been widely used as a single-epoch black hole mass estimator in the research of large AGN samples. However, the recent RM campaigns discovered that the AGNs with high-accretion rates show shorter time lags by factors of a few comparing with the predictions from the R_H{beta}_-L_5100_ relationship. The explanation of the shortened time lags has not been finalized yet. We collect eight different single-epoch spectral properties to investigate how the shortening of the time lags correlates with those properties and to determine the origin of the shortened lags. We find that the flux ratio between FeII and H{beta} emission lines shows the most prominent correlation, thus confirming that accretion rate is the main driver for the shortened lags. In addition, we establish a new scaling relation including the relative strength of FeII emission. This new scaling relation can provide less biased estimates of the black hole mass and accretion rate from the single-epoch spectra of AGNs.