- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/733/46
- Title:
- Velocity measurements in Segue 1
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/733/46
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present the results of a comprehensive Keck/DEIMOS spectroscopic survey of the ultra-faint Milky Way satellite galaxy Segue 1. We have obtained velocity measurements for 98.2% of the stars within 67pc (10', or 2.3 half-light radii) of the center of Segue 1 that have colors and magnitudes consistent with membership, down to a magnitude limit of r=21.7. Based on photometric, kinematic, and metallicity information, we identify 71 stars as probable Segue 1 members, including some as far out as 87pc. After correcting for the influence of binary stars using repeated velocity measurements, we determine a velocity dispersion of 3.7^+1.4^_-1.1_km/s. The mass within the half-light radius is 5.8^+8.2^_-3.1_x10^5^M_{sun}_. The stellar kinematics of Segue 1 require very high mass-to-light ratios unless the system is far from dynamical equilibrium, even if the period distribution of unresolved binary stars is skewed toward implausibly short periods. With a total luminosity less than that of a single bright red giant and a V-band mass-to-light ratio of 3400M_{sun}_/L_{sun}_, Segue 1 is the darkest galaxy currently known.
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- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/853/114
- Title:
- Vertical population gradients in NGC 891. I.
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/853/114
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We have measured vertical and radial stellar population gradients in NGC 891. We compare these gradients to those known for the Milky Way from studies of resolved stars. Optical spectroscopic measurements extend spatially from the disk midplane up to 2.6kpc in height and out to a radius of 12kpc on both sides of the galaxy. Data were acquired with {nabla}Pak, a variable-pitch fiber integral field unit (IFU) on the WIYN telescope. We describe the laboratory and on-sky performance of {nabla}Pak, as well as modifications to the standard observational and analysis procedures necessary to calibrate data taken with this unique IFU. {nabla}Pak has a mean throughput of 80% at 5500{AA}. To achieve an estimated precision of 10% in light-weighted mean age and metallicity, we define a set of spatial apertures in radius and height in which spectra are binned to achieve a signal-to-noise ratio of ~20{AA}^-1^. We use spectral indices to measure age, metallicity, and abundance, indicating that NGC 891's stellar populations have 0.2<Z/Z_{sun}_<1 and +0.2dex {alpha}-enhancement on average. We find a clear transition from young (<3-5Gyr) to old (>7Gyr) stellar populations at 0.4kpc, roughly the scale height of the thin disk. We also find a slight trend toward younger populations at larger radii, consistent with flaring in an inside-out disk formation scenario. The vertical age gradient in NGC 891 is in remarkable qualitative agreement with a model for disk heating tuned to studies of the Milk Way's solar cylinder.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/186/191
- Title:
- VI photometry and spectroscopy in h+{chi} Per
- Short Name:
- J/ApJS/186/191
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- From photometric observations of ~47000 stars and spectroscopy of ~11000 stars, we describe the first extensive study of the stellar population of the famous Double Cluster, h and {chi} Persei, down to subsolar masses. By analyzing optical spectra and optical/infrared photometry, we constrain the distance moduli (dM), reddening (E(B-V)), and ages for h Persei, {chi} Persei, and the low-density halo population surrounding both cluster cores. With the exception of mass and spatial distribution, the clusters are nearly identical in every measurable way. From these data, we establish the first spectroscopic and photometric membership lists of cluster stars down to early/mid M dwarfs. At minimum, there are ~5000 members within 10' of the cluster centers, while the entire h and {chi} Persei region has at least ~13000 and as many as 20000 members. The Double Cluster contains ~8400M_{sun}_ of stars within 10' of the cluster centers. We estimate a total mass of at least 20000M_{sun}_. We conclude our study by outlining outstanding questions regarding the past and present properties of h and {chi} Persei. From comparing recent work, we compile a list of intrinsic colors and derive a new effective temperature scale for O-M dwarfs, giants, and supergiants.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/633/A70
- Title:
- VIS3COS. III. Galaxy spectra
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/633/A70
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present spectroscopic observations of 466 galaxies in and around a superstructure at z~0.84 targeted by the VIMOS Spectroscopic Survey of a Supercluster in the COSMOS eld (VIS3COS). We use [OII]3727, H{delta}, and Dn4000 to trace recent, medium-, and long-term star formation histories and investigate the eect of stellar mass and local environment on them. By studying trends in individual and composite galaxy spectra, we find that stellar mass and environment play a role in the observed galactic properties. Galaxies with low stellar mass (10<log10(M*/M_{sun}_)<10.5) in the eld show the strongest H{delta} absorption. Similarly, the massive population (log10(M*/M_{sun}_) > 11) shows an increase in H absorption strengths in intermediate-density environments (e.g. filaments). Galaxies with intermediate stellar mass (10.5<log10(M*/M_{sun}_)<11) have similar H{delta} absorption proles in all environments, but show an indication of enhanced [OII] emission in intermediate-density environments. This indicates that field galaxies with low stellar mass and lament galaxies with high stellar mass are more likely to have experienced a recent burst of star formation, while galaxies of the intermediate stellar-mass show an increase of star formation at lament-like densities. We also find that the median [OII] equivalent width (|EW[OII]|) decreases from 27+/-2{AA} to 2.0^+0,5^_-0.4_{AA} and Dn4000 increases from 1.09+/-0.01 to 1.56+/-0.03 with increasing stellar mass (from ~10^9.25^ to ~10^11.35^M_{sun}_). For the dependence on the environment, we find that at fixed stellar mass, |EW[OII]| is tentatively lower in environments with higher density. We find for Dn4000 that the increase with stellar mass is sharper in denser environments, which indicates that these environments may accelerate galaxy evolution. Moreover, we find higher Dn4000 values in denser environments at fixed stellar mass, suggesting that galaxies are on average older and/or more metal rich in these dense environments. This set of tracers depicts a scenario where the most massive galaxies have, on average, the lowest specic star formation rates and the oldest stellar populations (age>~1Gyr, showing a mass-downsizing eect). We also hypothesize that the observed increase in star formation (higher EW[OII], higher specic star formation rate) at intermediate densities may lead to quenching because we find that the quenched fraction increases sharply from the lament to cluster-like regions at similar stellar masses.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/858/111
- Title:
- Visible obs. of GOT C+ Northern sightlines
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/858/111
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Using visible, radio, microwave, and submillimeter data, we study several lines of sight toward stars generally closer than 1kpc on a component-by-component basis. We derive the component structure seen in absorption at visible wavelengths from CaII, CaI, KI, CH, CH+, and CN and compare it to emission from HI, CO and its isotopologues, and C+ from the GOT C+ (Galactic Observations of Terahertz C+) survey (Langer+ 2010A&A...521L..17L). The correspondence between components in emission and absorption helps create a more unified picture of diffuse atomic and molecular gas in the interstellar medium. We also discuss how these tracers are related to the CO-dark H2 gas probed by C+ emission and discuss the kinematic connections among the species observed.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/889/148
- Title:
- V346 Nor IJHKs photometry & IR spectra
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/889/148
- Date:
- 17 Jan 2022 11:51:03
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- FU Orionis-type objects (FUors) are young low-mass stars undergoing powerful accretion outbursts. The increased accretion is often accompanied by collimated jets and energetic, large-scale molecular outflows. The extra heating during the outburst may also induce detectable geometrical, chemical, and mineralogical changes in the circumstellar material, affecting possible planet formation around these objects. V346 Nor is a southern FUor with peculiar spectral characteristics. Decades after the beginning of its outburst, it unexpectedly underwent a fading event around 2010 due to a decrease in the mass accretion rate onto the star by at least two orders of magnitude. Here we present optical and near-infrared photometry and spectroscopy obtained after the minimum. Our light curves show a gradual re-brightening of V346 Nor, with its Ks-band brightness only 1.5mag below the outburst brightness level. Our Very Large Telescope (VLT)/XSHOOTER spectroscopic observations display several strong forbidden emission lines toward the source from various metals and molecular hydrogen, suggesting the launch of a new jet. Our N-band spectrum obtained with VLT/VISIR outlines a deeper silicate absorption feature than before, indicating that the geometry of the circumstellar medium has changed in the post-outburst period compared to peak brightness.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/644/A135
- Title:
- V646 Pup TESS and ground photometry and spectrum
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/644/A135
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We investigate small-scale light variations in V646 Pup occurring in the timescales of days, weeks and years. To check if this variability is similar to that observed in FU Ori. We observed V646 Pup on six occasions at the SAAO and CTIO during 2013-2018 in Johnson and Sloan filters, typically with 1 d cadence maintained for 2-4 weeks. We also utilise the public-domain 1512 day long ASAS-SN light curve and TESS photometry obtained in 2019 during 24.1 days with 30 min cadence. New SAAO low-resolution spectra help to update major disc parameters, while the archival high-resolution Keck spectra are used to search for temporal changes in the disc rotational profiles. The ground-based observations confirm the constantly decreasing brightness of V646 Pup at the rate of 0.018mag per year. Precise i-band sensitive TESS data show that the little 0.005-0.01mag light variations imposed on this general trend do consist of a few independent wave trains of apparently time-coherent nature. Assuming that this is typical situation, from analysis of colour-magnitude diagrams obtained on earlier epochs we preliminarily inferred that the bulk of observed light changes could be owing to rotation of disc photosphere inhomogeneities, arising between 10-12 solar radii from the star. It is not excluded that these inhomogeneities could also manifest themselves in rotational profiles of the disc, as obtained from the high-resolution spectra. Assuming Keplerian rotation of these inhomogeneities, we preliminarily determine the stellar mass at 0.7-0.9 solar masses. At least during certain weeks V646 Pup shows time-coherent light variability pattern(s) that could be explained by rotation of an inhomogeneous disc photosphere. These preliminary results are similar to those better established for FU Ori, what suggests a common driving mechanism(s).
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/617/A16
- Title:
- VY Scl reduced spectra & radial velocities
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/617/A16
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- In the context of a large campaign to determine the system parameters of high mass transfer cataclysmic variables, we found VY Scl in a low state in 2008. Making use of this low state, we study the stellar components of the binary with little influence of the normally dominating accretion disc. Time-resolved spectroscopy and photometry of VY Scl taken during the low state are presented. We analysed the light-curve and radial velocity curve and use time-resolved spectroscopy to calculate Doppler maps of the dominant emission lines. The spectra show narrow emission lines of Halpha, Hbeta, HeI, NaI D, and FeII, as well as faint TiO absorption bands that trace the motion of the irradiated secondary star, and Halpha and HeI emission line wings that trace the motion of the white dwarf. From these radial velocities, we find an orbital period of 3.84h, and put constraints on binary parameters such as the mass ratio M2/M1 of 0.43 and the inclination of 15. With a secondary mass between 0.3 and 0.35M_{sun}_, we derive the mass for the white dwarf as M1=0.6-1.1M_{sun}_.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/160/230
- Title:
- WASP-31b and host star radius compared with IMACS
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/160/230
- Date:
- 10 Dec 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present a new optical (400-950nm) transmission spectrum of the hot Jupiter WASP-31b (M=0.48M_Jup_; R=1.54R_Jup_; P=3.41days), obtained by combining four transit observations. These transits were observed with IMACS on the Magellan Baade Telescope at Las Campanas Observatory as part of the ACCESS project. We investigate the presence of clouds/hazes in the upper atmosphere of this planet, as well as the contribution of stellar activity on the observed features. In addition, we search for absorption features of the alkali elements NaI and KI, with particular focus on KI, for which there have been two previously published disagreeing results. Observations with Hubble Space Telescope (HST)/STIS detected KI, whereas ground-based low- and high- resolution observations did not. We use equilibrium and nonequilibrium chemistry retrievals to explore the planetary and stellar parameter space of the system with our optical data combined with existing near-IR observations. Our best-fit model is that with a scattering slope consistent with a Rayleigh slope ({alpha}=5.3_-3.1_^+2.9^), high-altitude clouds at a log cloud top pressure of -3.6_-2.1_^+2.7^bars, and possible muted H2O features. We find that our observations support other ground-based claims of no KI. Clouds are likely why signals like H2O are extremely muted and Na or K cannot be detected. We then juxtapose our Magellan/IMACS transmission spectrum with existing VLT/FORS2, HST/WFC3, HST/STIS, and Spitzer observations to further constrain the optical-to-infrared atmospheric features of the planet. We find that a steeper scattering slope ({alpha}=8.3{+/-}1.5) is anchored by STIS wavelengths blueward of 400nm and only the original STIS observations show significant potassium signal.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/497/5182
- Title:
- WASP-21b light curves
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/497/5182
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present the optical transmission spectrum of the highly inflated Saturn- mass exoplanet WASP-21b, using three transits obtained with the ACAM instrument on the William Herschel Telescope through the LRG-BEASTS survey (Low Resolution Ground-Based Exoplanet Atmosphere Survey using Transmission Spectroscopy). Our transmission spectrum covers a wavelength range of 4635-9000{AA}, achieving an average transit depth precision of 197ppm compared to one atmospheric scale height at 246ppm. We detect NaI absorption in a bin width of 30{AA}, at >4{sigma} confidence, which extends over 100{AA}. We see no evidence of absorption from KI. Atmospheric retrieval analysis of the scattering slope indicates it is too steep for Rayleigh scattering from H_2, but is very similar to that of HD 189733b. The features observed in our transmission spectrum cannot be caused by stellar activity alone, with photometric monitoring of WASP-21 showing it to be an inactive star. We therefore conclude that aerosols in the atmosphere of WASP-21b are giving rise to the steep slope that we observe, and that WASP-21b is an excellent target for infra-red observations to constrain its atmospheric metallicity.