- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/325/255
- Title:
- 5cm OH masers survey
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/325/255
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We have undertaken a comprehensive search for 5 cm OH masers in regions visible from Effelsberg with the 100-m telescope (i.e., those with declinations above -29^o^). Our sample is based on bright sources taken from the IRAS Point Source Catalog and/or from previous 18cm OH and H_ 2_O surveys. Among the 165 sources observed, 16 are new (15 exhibit emission and one source shows both absorption and emission). Two new absorption line sources have been tentatively detected. The general properties of the 5cm OH sources are presented and discussed. The 6035MHz line is more often detected than the 6031MHz line. Nevertheless, the latter line is frequently present, a fact that is not explained by present OH excitation models. Simple calculations tend to show that there are enough FIR photons to pump the 6035 and 6031MHz masers, and we found that the statistics of the ratio S_ radio_/S_ IR_ at 18, 5 and 6cm suggest that the maser pumping efficiency decreases with increasing OH excitation. Variability on short (months) or long (years) time-scales is a common feature in many 5 cm OH sources. We also present observations of the 6 GHz satellite lines and report, besides W3(OH), on two certain and perhaps two newly detected weak sources. Some implications on the excitation of OH are briefly discussed.
Number of results to display per page
Search Results
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/544/A69
- Title:
- CN(1-0) Zeeman observations of NGC 2264-C
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/544/A69
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- From an observational point of view, the role of magnetic fields in star formation remains unclear, and two main theoretical scenarios have been proposed so far to regulate the star-formation processes. The first model assumes that turbulence in star-forming clumps plays a crucial role, and especially that protostellar outflow-driven turbulence is crucial to support cluster-forming clumps; while the second scenario is based on the consideration of a magnetically-supported clump. Previous studies of the NGC 2264-C protocluster indicate that, in addition to thermal pressure, some extra support might effectively act against the gravitational collapse of this cluster- forming clump. We previously showed that this extra support is not due to the numerous protostellar outflows, nor the enhanced turbulence in this protocluster. Here we present the results of the first polarimetric campaign dedicated to quantifying the magnetic support at work in the NGC 2264-C clump. Our Zeeman observations of the CN(1-0) hyperfine lines provide an upper limit to the magnetic field strength Blos<0.6 mG in the protocluster (projected along the line of sight). While these results do not provide sufficiently tight constraints to fully quantify the magnetic support at work in NGC 2264-C, they suggest that, within the uncertainties, the core could be either magnetically super or sub-critical, with the former being more likely.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/629/A83
- Title:
- Complexity of magnetic fields on red dwarfs
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/629/A83
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Generation, amplification, and evolution of magnetic fields in cool stars can be investigated by measuring the Zeeman effect in atomic and molecular lines observed in their spectra. In particular, Zeeman line broadening and polarization have been used for detecting magnetic fields in stellar atmospheres. Similar to the Sun, these fields are complex and height-dependent (i.e., comprise 3D structures) and require advanced diagnostics. Fortunately, many molecular lines dominating M-dwarf spectra, such as FeH, CaH, MgH, and TiO, are temperature- and Zeeman- sensitive and form at different atmospheric heights, which makes them excellent probes of magnetic fields on M dwarfs. Our goal is to analyze the complexity of magnetic fields in M dwarfs. We investigate how magnetic fields vary with the stellar temperature (i.e., mass) and how "surface" inhomogeneities are distributed in height - the dimension that is usually neglected in stellar magnetic studies. This is achieved by including many atomic and molecular species in our study. We have determined effective temperatures of the photosphere and of magnetic features, magnetic field strengths and filling factors for nine M dwarfs (M1-M7). Our chi^2^ analysis is based on a comparison of observed and synthetic intensity and circular polarization profiles (Stokes I and V) of many magnetically sensitive atomic and molecular lines in ten wavelength regions. Stokes profiles were calculated by solving polarized radiative transfer equations under the local thermodynamic equilibrium using model atmospheres. We have found that properties of magnetic structures depend on the analyzed atomic or molecular species and their formation heights within the atmosphere. Two types of magnetic features similar to those on the Sun have been found: one is cooler (starspots), while the other one is hotter (network, small-scale magnetic features). The magnetic field strength in both starspots and network is within 3kG to 6kG, on average it is 5kG for the M1-M7 spectral class range. These fields occupy a large fraction of M dwarf atmospheres at all heights, up to 100%. The plasma beta is less than one throughout the entire M dwarf atmospheres, implying that they are highly magnetized stars. A combination of many molecular and atomic species and a simultaneous analysis of intensity and circular polarization spectra have allowed us to better decipher the complexity of magnetic fields on M dwarfs, including their dependence on the height within the atmosphere. This work provides an opportunity to investigate a larger sample of M dwarfs as well as L-type brown dwarfs.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/738/119
- Title:
- Conversion from magnetoacoustic to Alfven waves
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/738/119
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Alfven waves may be generated via mode conversion from fast magnetoacoustic waves near their reflection level in the solar atmosphere, with implications both for coronal oscillations and for active region helioseismology. In active regions this reflection typically occurs high enough that the Alfven speed a greatly exceeds the sound speed c, well above the a=c level where the fast and slow modes interact. In order to focus on the fundamental characteristics of fast/Alfven conversion, stripped of unnecessary detail, it is therefore useful to freeze out the slow mode by adopting the gravitationally stratified cold magnetohydrodynamic model c->0. This provides a benchmark for fast-to-Alfven mode conversion in more complex atmospheres. Assuming a uniform inclined magnetic field and an exponential Alfven speed profile with density scale height h, the Alfven conversion coefficient depends on three variables only: the dimensionless transverse-to-the-stratification wavenumber {kappa}=kh, the magnetic field inclination from the stratification direction {theta}, and the polarization angle {phi} of the wavevector relative to the plane containing the stratification and magnetic field directions. We present an extensive exploration of mode conversion in this parameter space and conclude that near-total conversion to outward-propagating Alfven waves typically occurs for small {theta} and large {phi} (80-90{deg}), though it is absent entirely when {theta} is exactly zero (vertical field). For wavenumbers of helioseismic interest, the conversion region is broad enough to encompass the whole chromosphere.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/590/A10
- Title:
- 3C 279 optical photometry and polarimetry
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/590/A10
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Over the past few years, several occasions of large, continuous rotations of the electric vector position angle (EVPA) of linearly polarized optical emission from blazars have been reported. These events are often coincident with high energy gamma-ray flares and they have attracted considerable attention, as they could allow one to probe the magnetic field structure in the gamma-ray emitting region of the jet. The flat-spectrum radio quasar 3C 279 is one of the most prominent examples showing this behaviour. Our goal is to study the observed EVPA rotations and to distinguish between a stochastic and a deterministic origin of the polarization variability. We have combined multiple data sets of R-band photometry and optical polarimetry measurements of 3C 279, yielding exceptionally well-sampled flux density and polarization curves that cover a period of 2008-2012. Several large EVPA rotations are identified in the data. We introduce a quantitative measure for the EVPA curve smoothness, which is then used to test a set of simple random walk polarization variability models against the data. 3C 279 shows different polarization variation characteristics during an optical low-flux state and a flaring state. The polarization variation during the flaring state, especially the smooth approx. 360 deg. rotation of the EVPA in mid-2011, is not consistent with the tested stochastic processes. We conclude that during the two different optical flux states, two different processes govern the polarization variation, possibly a stochastic process during the low-brightness state and a deterministic process during the flaring activity.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/623/A111
- Title:
- 3C273 polarization over ALMA 1.3mm band
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/623/A111
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We studied the polarization behavior of the quasar 3C 273 over the 1mm wavelength band at ALMA with a total bandwidth of 7.5GHz across 223-243GHz at 0.8" resolution, corresponding to 2.1kpc at the distance of 3C 273. With these observations we were able to probe the optically thin polarized emission close to the jet base, and constrain the magnetic field structure. We computed the Faraday rotation measure using simple linear fitting and Faraday rotation measure synthesis. In addition, we modeled the broadband behavior of the fractional Stokes Q and U parameters (qu-fitting). The systematic uncertainties in the polarization observations at ALMA were assessed through Monte Carlo simulations. We find the unresolved core of 3C 273 to be 1.8% linearly polarized. We detect a very high rotation measure (RM) of (5.0+/-0.3)x10^5^rad/m^2^ over the 1 mm band when assuming a single polarized component and an external RM screen. This results in a rotation of >40{deg} of the intrinsic electric vector position angle, which is significantly higher than typically assumed for millimeter wavelengths. The polarization fraction increases as a function of wavelength, which according to our qu-fitting could be due to multiple polarized components of different Faraday depth within our beam or to internal Faraday rotation. With our limited wavelength coverage we cannot distinguish between the cases, and additional multifrequency and high angular resolution observations are needed to determine the location and structure of the magnetic field of the Faraday active region. Comparing our RM estimate with values obtained at lower frequencies, the RM increases as a function of observing frequency, following a power law with an index of 2.0+/-0.2, consistent with a sheath surrounding a conically expanding jet. We also detect ~0.2% circular polarization, although further observations are needed to confirm this result.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+AS/141/175
- Title:
- Dark clouds imaging polarimetry
- Short Name:
- J/A+AS/141/175
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- A set of eight Bok Globules CB3, CB25, CB39, CB52, CB54, CB58, CB62 and CB246 were observed polarimetrically in white light, using our Imaging Polarimater (IMPOL), from the 1.2m IR telescope at Mount Abu, India. The observations were carried out on different nights during the period December 1997 and April 1998. The CCD images obtained from the instrument (IMPOL) were analyzed, to produce polarization map of the Bok Globules. The stars in the field, which are mostly background to the cloud show typically 2% linear polarization. Clouds which are less dynamic (having ^12^CO line widths {Delta}V<2.5km/s) in general show slightly better alignment of polarization vectors with the projected direction of galactic plane. On the other hand, the more dynamic group of clouds has polarization vectors more scattered and poorly aligned with the projected direction of the galactic plane. However one of the clouds observed, CB58, does not follow this trend very well.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/645/A101
- Title:
- 3D MHD models angular quadratures
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/645/A101
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Accurate angular quadratures are crucial for the numerical solution of three-dimensional (3D) radiative transfer problems, especially when including the spectral line polarisation produced by the scattering of anisotropic radiation. There are two requirements for an optimal quadrature that are difficult to satisfy simultaneously: high accuracy and short computing time. Recently, imposing certain symmetries, we have derived a set of near optimal angular quadratures. Here we extend our previous investigation by considering other symmetries. Moreover, we test the performance of our new quadratures by numerically solving a radiative transfer problem of resonance line polarisation in a 3D model of the solar atmosphere resulting from a magneto-hydrodynamical simulation. The new angular quadratures derived here outperform the previous ones in terms of the number of rays needed to achieve any given accuracy.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/714/1689
- Title:
- DRAO ELAIS N1 catalog
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/714/1689
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present results of deep polarization imaging at 1.4GHz with the Dominion Radio Astrophysical Observatory as part of the DRAO Planck Deep Fields project. This deep extragalactic field covers 15.16deg^2^ centered at RA(J2000)=16:14 and DE(J2000)=54:56, has an angular resolution of 42"x62" at the field center, and reaches a sensitivity of 55uJy/beam in Stokes I and 45uJy/beam in Stokes Q and U. We detect 958 radio sources in Stokes I of which 136 are detected in polarization. We present the Euclidean-normalized polarized differential source counts down to 400uJy. These counts indicate that sources have a higher degree of fractional polarization at fainter Stokes I flux density levels than for brighter sources, confirming an earlier result. We find that the majority of our polarized sources are steep-spectrum objects with a mean spectral index of -0.77, and there is no correlation between fractional polarization and spectral index. We also matched deep field sources to counterparts in the Faint Images of the Radio Sky at Twenty Centimeters catalog. Of the polarized sources, 77% show structure at the arcsecond scale whereas only 38% of the sources with no detectable polarization show such structure. The median fractional polarization for resolved sources is 6.8%, while it is 4.4% for compact objects. The polarized radio sources in our deep field are predominantly those sources which are resolved and show the highest degrees of fractional polarization, indicating that the lobe dominated structure may be the source of the highly polarized sources. These resolved radio galaxies dominate the polarized source counts at P_0_=(Q^2^+U^2^)^0.5^<3mJy.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/658/A63
- Title:
- DR Tau VLT/SPHERE and LBTI/LMIRCam maps
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/658/A63
- Date:
- 22 Feb 2022
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Protoplanetary disks around young stars often contain substructures like rings, gaps, and spirals that could be caused by interactions between the disk and forming planets. We aim to study the young (1-3Myr) star DR Tau in the near-infrared and characterize its disk, which was previously resolved through sub-millimeter interferometry with ALMA, and to search for possible sub-stellar companions embedded into it. We observed DR Tau with VLT/SPHERE both in polarized light (H broad band) and total intensity (in Y, J, H, and K spectral bands). We also performed L' band observations with LBTI/LMIRCam on the Large Binocular Telescope (LBT). We applied differential imaging techniques to analyze the polarized data, using dual beam polarization imaging (DPI), and total intensity data, using both angular and spectral differential imaging (ADI, SDI). We found two previously undetected spirals extending north-east and south of the star, respectively. We further detected an arc-like structure north of the star. Finally a bright, compact and elongated structure was detected at separation of 303+/-10 mas and position angle 21.2+/-3.7 degrees, just at the root of the north-east spiral arm. Since this feature is visible both in polarized light and in total intensity and has a flat spectrum it is likely caused by stellar light scattered by dust. The two spiral arms are at different separation from the star, have very different pitch angles, and are separated by an apparent discontinuity, suggesting they might have a different origin. The very open southern spiral arm might be caused by infalling material from late encounters with cloudlets into the formation environment of the star itself. The compact feature could be caused by interaction with a planet in formation still embedded in its dust envelope and it could be responsible for launching the north-east spiral. We estimate a mass of the putative embedded object of the order of few M Jup .
