- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/534/A53
- Title:
- Equivalent widths of 18 subgiant of {omega} Cen
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/534/A53
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We analyze spectra of 18 stars belonging to the faintest subgiant branch in omega Centauri (the SGB-a), obtained with GIRAFFE@VLT at a resolution of R~=17000 and a S/N ratio between 25 and 50. We measure abundances of Al, Ba, Ca, Fe, Ni, Si, and Ti and we find that these stars have <[Fe/H]>=-0.73+/-0.14dex, similarly to the corresponding red giant branch population (the RGB-a). We also measure <[alpha/Fe]>=+0.40+/-0.16dex, and <[Ba/Fe]>=+0.87+/-0.23dex, in general agreement with past studies. It is very interesting to note that we found a uniform Al abundance, <[Al/Fe]>=+0.32+/-0.14dex, for all the 18 SGB-a stars analysed here, thus supporting past evidence that the usual (anti-)correlations are not present in this population, and suggesting a non globular cluster-like origin of this particular population. In the dwarf galaxy hypothesis for the formation of omega Cen, this population might be the best candidate for the field population of its putative parent galaxy, although some of its properties appear contradictory. It has also been suggested that the most metal-rich population in omega Cen is significantly enriched in helium. If this is true, the traditional abundance analysis techniques, based on model atmospheres with normal helium content, might lead to errors. We have computed helium enhanced atmospheres for three stars in our sample and verified that the abundance errors due to the use of non-enhanced atmospheres are negligible. Additional, indirect support to the enhanced helium content of the SGB-a population comes from our Li upper limits.
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Search Results
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/VI/113
- Title:
- Evolutionary models of Population II stars
- Short Name:
- VI/113
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The models are calculated for different chemical compositions both without overshooting (standard models, including microscopic diffusion of He and heavy elements) and with different overshooting efficiency. Each set of models can be found in a different sub-directory. It is possible to get all the content for each chemical composition, the content of each selected sub-directory or just a given file. In each directory there are evolutionary tracks (TRACKS), isochrones (ISOCHRONES), horizontal branch models together with a table of the ZAHB characteristics (HB) and files with some relevant physical values of selected models (STRUCTURES). Models with overshooting are calculated for masses higher than 1M_{sun}_ to avoid the unobserved presence of the overall contraction feature in 1M_{sun}_ stars. Thus isochrones for ages higher than about 5Gyr are the same as in the standard case and thus are not included in the overshooting directories. Models with overshooting does not include microscopic diffusion because for masses higher than about 1M_{sun}_ the effect of this mechanism is almost negligible. Models with overshooting are calculated for masses higher than 1M_{sun}_ to avoid the unobserved presence of the overall contraction feature in 1M_{sun}_ stars. Thus isochrones for ages higher than about 5Gyr are the same as in the standard case and thus are not included in the overshooting directories. Models with overshooting does not include microscopic diffusion because for masses higher than about 1M_{sun}_ the effect of this mechanism is almost negligible. All the tracks and isochrones have been transformed in the observation plane by adopting the model atmospheres by Castelli (1999A&A...346..564C), see also Castelli, Gratton & Kurucz (1997A&A...318..841C). For convenience, all tracks and isochrones have been grouped in 4 tables tracks.dat, struct.dat, hb.dat and isochron.dat
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/786/74
- Title:
- EW measurements of 6 Segue 1 red giants
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/786/74
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present Magellan/MIKE and Keck/HIRES high-resolution spectra of six red giant stars in the dwarf galaxy Segue 1. Including one additional Segue 1 star observed by Norris et al. (2010ApJ...722L.104N), high-resolution spectra have now been obtained for every red giant in Segue 1. Remarkably, three of these seven stars have metallicities below [Fe/H]=-3.5, suggesting that Segue 1 is the least chemically evolved galaxy known. We confirm previous medium-resolution analyses demonstrating that Segue 1 stars span a metallicity range of more than 2 dex, from [Fe/H]=-1.4 to [Fe/H]=-3.8. All of the Segue 1 stars are {alpha}-enhanced, with [{alpha}/Fe]~0.5. High {alpha}-element abundances are typical for metal-poor stars, but in every previously studied galaxy [{alpha}/Fe] declines for more metal-rich stars, which is typically interpreted as iron enrichment from supernova Ia. The absence of this signature in Segue 1 indicates that it was enriched exclusively by massive stars. Other light element abundance ratios in Segue 1, including carbon enhancement in the three most metal-poor stars, closely resemble those of metal-poor halo stars. Finally, we classify the most metal-rich star as a CH star given its large overabundances of carbon and s-process elements. The other six stars show remarkably low neutron-capture element abundances of [Sr/H]<-4.9 and [Ba/H]<-4.2, which are comparable to the lowest levels ever detected in halo stars. This suggests minimal neutron-capture enrichment, perhaps limited to a single r-process or weak s-process synthesizing event. Altogether, the chemical abundances of Segue 1 indicate no substantial chemical evolution, supporting the idea that it may be a surviving first galaxy that experienced only one burst of star formation.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/527/A18
- Title:
- EW of 6 subgiants of {omega} Cen
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/527/A18
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We analysed high-resolution UVES spectra of six stars belonging to the subgiant branch of {omega} Centauri, and derived abundance ratios of 19 chemical elements (namely Al, Ba, C, Ca, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, La, Mg, Mn, N, Na, Ni, Sc, Si, Sr, Ti, and Y). A comparison with previous abundance determinations for red giants provided remarkable agreement and allowed us to identify the sub-populations to which our targets belong. We found that three targets belong to a low-metallicity population at [Fe/H]=-2.0dex, [alpha/Fe]=+0.4dex and [s/Fe]=0dex. Stars with similar characteristics were found in small amounts by past surveys of red giants. We discuss the possibility that they belong to a separate sub-population that we name VMP (very metal-poor, at most 5% of the total cluster population), which - in the self-enrichment hypothesis - is the best-candidate first stellar generation in {omega} Cen. Two of the remaining targets belong to the dominant metal-poor population (MP) at [Fe/H]=-1.7dex, and the last one to the metal-intermediate (MInt) one at [Fe/H]=-1.2dex. The existence of the newly defined VMP population could help to understand some puzzling results based on low-resolution spectroscopy (Sollima et al. 2005ApJ...634..332S , Villanova et al., 2007, Cat. J/ApJ/663/296) in their age differences determinations, because the metallicity resolution of these studies was probably not enough to detect the VMP population. The VMP could also correspond to some of the additional substructures of the subgiant-branch region found in the latest HST photometry (Bellini et al., 2010, Cat. J/AJ/140/631). After trying to correlate chemical abundances with substructures in the subgiant branch of {omega} Cen, we found that the age difference between the VMP and MP populations should be small (0+/-2Gyr), while the difference between the MP and MInt populations could be slightly larger (2+/-2Gyr).
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/244/32
- Title:
- Extended Aperture Photometry of K2 RR Lyrae stars
- Short Name:
- J/ApJS/244/32
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The Kepler Space Telescope observed thousands of RR Lyrae stars in the K2 mission. In this paper, we present our photometric solutions using extended apertures in order to conserve the flux of the stars to the highest possible extent. With this method, we are able to avoid most of the problems that RR Lyrae light curves produced by other pipelines suffer from. For post-processing, we apply the K2SC pipeline to our light curves. We provide the EAP (Extended Aperture Photometry) of 432 RR Lyrae stars observed in campaigns 3, 4, 5, and 6. We also provide subclass classifications based on Fourier parameters. We investigated in particular the presence of the Blazhko effect in the stars and found it to be 44.7% among the RRab stars, in agreement with results from independent samples. We found that the amplitude and phase modulation in the Blazhko stars may behave rather differently, at least over the length of a K2 Campaign. We also identified four anomalous Cepheid candidates in the sample, one of which is potentially the first Blazhko-modulated member of its class.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/128/2402
- Title:
- Extremely metal-poor star candidates abundances
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/128/2402
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present chemical abundances for 110 stars identified in objective-prism surveys as candidates for being very metal-poor. The abundances are derived from high-S/N, intermediate-resolution spectra obtained with the Keck Observatory Echellette Spectrograph and Imager (ESI). An additional 25 stars with well-determined abundances ranging from [Fe/H]=-1.5 to -3.2 were observed and the results used to help calibrate our analysis and determine the accuracy of our abundance determinations. Abundances for the program stars were measured for Fe, Mg, Ca, Ti, Cr, and Ba with an accuracy of approximately 0.3dex. Fifty-three of the stars in our sample have [Fe/H]<=-2, 22 have [Fe/H]<=-2.5, and 13 have [Fe/H]<=-2.9. Surprisingly, approximately one-third of the sample is relatively metal-rich, with [Fe/H]>-1.5. In addition to identifying a number of extremely metal-poor stars, this study also shows that moderate-resolution spectra obtained with the Keck ESI yield relatively accurate abundances for stars as faint as V=14 with modest exposure time (~20 minutes). This capability will prove useful if the so-far elusive stars at [Fe/H]<-4 turn out to be mostly fainter than V=15.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/501/519
- Title:
- Extremely metal-poor turnoff stars abundances
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/501/519
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The detailed chemical abundances of extremely metal-poor (EMP) stars are key guides to understanding the early chemical evolution of the Galaxy. Most existing data, however, treat giant stars that may have experienced internal mixing later. We aim to compare the results for giants with new, accurate abundances for all observable elements in 18 EMP turnoff stars. VLT/UVES spectra at ~45000 and S/N ~130 per pixel (330-1000nm) are analysed with OSMARCS model atmospheres and the TURBOSPECTRUM code to derive abundances for C, Mg, Si, Ca, Sc, Ti, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Zn, Sr, and Ba. For Ca, Ni, Sr, and Ba, we find excellent consistency with our earlier sample of EMP giants, at all metallicities. However, our abundances of C, Sc, Ti, Cr, Mn and Co are ~0.2dex larger than in giants of similar metallicity. Mg and Si abundances are ~0.2dex lower (the giant [Mg/Fe] values are slightly revised), while Zn is again ~0.4dex higher than in giants of similar [Fe/H] (6 stars only). For C, the dwarf/giant discrepancy could possibly have an astrophysical cause, but for the other elements it must arise from shortcomings in the analysis. Approximate computations of granulation (3D) effects yield smaller corrections for giants than for dwarfs, but suggest that this is an unlikely explanation, except perhaps for C, Cr, and Mn. NLTE computations for Na and Al provide consistent abundances between dwarfs and giants, unlike the LTE results, and would be highly desirable for the other discrepant elements as well. Meanwhile, we recommend using the giant abundances as reference data for Galactic chemical evolution models.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/522/A26
- Title:
- Fe Abundances in metal-poor stars
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/522/A26
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The determination of Lithium abundance A(Li) is extremely sensitive to the adopted temperature scale, so that a Teff bias might mimic a trend in A(Li). We present here VLT-UVES Li abundances for 28 halo dwarf stars between [Fe/H]=-2.5 and -3.5, 10 of which have [Fe/H]<-3. Four different Teff scales have been used: Direct Infrared Flux Method (IRFM) has been used on the basis of 2MASS infrared photometry; H{alpha} wings have been fitted against two synthetic grids computed by means of 1D LTE atmosphere models, and a grid of H{alpha} profiles computed by means of 3D hydrodynamical atmosphere models. As a result, we confirm previous claims that A(Li) does not exhibit a plateau below [Fe/H]=-3. A strong positive correlation with [Fe/H] appears, not influenced by the choice of the Teff estimator. From a linear fit, we obtain a strong slope of about 0.30 dex in A(Li) per dex in [Fe/H], significant to 2-3, and consistent within 1 among all the four Teff estimators. A significant slope is also detected in the A(Li)-Teff plane, driven mainly by the coolest stars in the sample (Teff<6250), which appear Li-poor. However, removing such stars does not alter significantly the behavior in the A(Li)-[Fe/H] plane. When the full sample is considered, the scatter in A(Li) increases by a factor of 2 towards lower metallicities, while the plateau appears very thin above [Fe/H]=-2.8. At this metallicity, the plateau lies at A(Li)3D,NLTE=2.199+/-0.086.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/586/A67
- Title:
- G64-12 and G64-37 linelist and EWs
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/586/A67
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Studies of extremely metal-poor stars indicate that chemical abundance ratios [X/Fe] have a root mean square scatter as low as 0.05dex (12%). It remains unclear whether this reflects observational uncertainties or intrinsic astrophysical scatter arising from physical conditions in the ISM at early times. We measure differential chemical abundance ratios in extremely metal-poor stars to investigate the limits of precision and to understand whether cosmic scatter or observational errors are dominant. We used high-resolution (R~95000) and high signal-to-noise (S/N=700 at 5000{AA}) HIRES/Keck spectra to determine high-precision differential abundances between two extremely metal-poor stars through a line-by-line differential approach. We determined stellar parameters for the star G64-37 with respect to the standard star G64-12. We performed EW measurements for the two stars for the lines recognized in both stars and performed spectral synthesis to study the carbon abundances. Results. The differential approach allowed us to obtain errors of {sigma}(Teff)=27K, {sigma}(logg)=0.06dex, {sigma}([Fe/H])=0.02dex and {sigma}(vt)=0.06km/s. We estimated relative chemical abundances with a precision as low as {sigma}([X/Fe])~0.01dex. The small uncertainties demonstrate that there are genuine abundance differences larger than the measurement errors. The observed Li difference cannot be explained by the difference in mass because the less massive star has more Li. It is possible to achieve an abundance precision around ~0.01-0.05dex for extremely metal-poor stars, which opens new windows on the study of the early chemical evolution of the Galaxy.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/149/183
- Title:
- gri photometry of variables in NGC 4258
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/149/183
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present results of a ground-based survey for Cepheid variables in NGC4258. This galaxy plays a key role in the Extragalactic Distance Scale due to its very precise and accurate distance determination via very long baseline interferometry observations of water masers. We imaged two fields within this galaxy using the Gemini North telescope and the Gemini Multi-Object Spectrograph, obtaining 16 epochs of data in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey gri bands over 4yr. We carried out point-spread function photometry and detected 94 Cepheids with periods between 7 and 127 days, as well as an additional 215 variables which may be Cepheids or Population II pulsators. We used the Cepheid sample to test the absolute calibration of theoretical gri Period-Luminosity relations and found good agreement with the maser distance to this galaxy. The expected data products from the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope should enable Cepheid searches out to at least 10Mpc.
