- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/156/275
- Title:
- Rotational evolution of young, binary M dwarfs
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/156/275
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We have analyzed K2 light curves for more than 3000 low-mass stars in the ~8 Myr old Upper Sco association, the ~125 Myr age Pleiades open cluster, and the ~700 Myr old Hyades and Praesepe open clusters to determine stellar rotation rates. Many of these K2 targets show two distinct periods, and for the lowest-mass stars in these clusters, virtually all of these systems with two periods are photometric binaries. The most likely explanation is that we are detecting the rotation periods for both components of these binaries. We explore the evolution of the rotation rate in both components of photometric binaries relative to one another and to nonphotometric binary stars. In Upper Sco and the Pleiades, these low-mass binary stars have periods that are much shorter on average and much closer to each other than would be true if drawn at random from the M dwarf single stars. In Upper Sco, this difference correlates strongly with the presence or absence of infrared excesses due to primordial circumstellar disks-the single-star population includes many stars with disks, and their rotation periods are distinctively longer on average than their binary star cousins of the same mass. By Praesepe age, the significance of the difference in rotation rate between the single and binary low-mass M dwarf stars is much less, suggesting that angular momentum loss from winds for fully convective zero-age main-sequence stars erases memory of the rotation rate dichotomy for binary and single very low mass stars at later ages.
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Search Results
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/603/A106
- Title:
- Rotational periods in Cygnus OB2
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/603/A106
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present the results of a near-infrared time-series photometry study in the field of Cygnus OB2 association (RA~20.55h, DE~41.2{deg}). Observations were carried out in the JHK bands at the WFCAM/UKIRT telescope over 112 observed nights. We investigated the occurrence of periodicity in the time-series and we found reliable periods for 894 candidate members.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/117/2941
- Title:
- Rotation periods of Orion PMS stars
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/117/2941
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We report rotation periods for 254 stars in an area 40'x80' centered on the Orion Nebula. We show that these stars are likely members of the young (~10^6^yr) Orion OBIc/d association. The rotation period distribution we determine, which is sensitive to periods 0.1<P<8days, shows a sharp cutoff for periods P<0.5days, corresponding to breakup velocity for these stars. Above 0.5days the distribution is consistent with a uniform distribution; we do not find evidence for a "gap" of periods at 4-5days. We find signatures of active accretion among stars at all periods; active accretion does not occur preferentially among slow rotators in our sample. We find no correlation between rotation period and near-IR signatures of circumstellar disks. In addition, we show that the distribution of vsini among stars in our sample bears striking resemblance to that of low-mass Pleiades stars. We discuss the implications of our findings for the evolution of stellar angular momentum during the pre-main-sequence phase. We argue that all stars in our sample must still deplete angular momentum by factors of roughly 5-10, if they are to preserve their vsini distribution over approximately the next 100Myr. We consider in detail whether our findings are consistent with disk-regulated stellar rotation. We do not find observational evidence that magnetic disk-locking is the dominant mechanism in angular momentum evolution during the premain-sequence phase.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/417/557
- Title:
- Rotation & variability of PMS Stars in NGC 2264
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/417/557
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Table 4 lists the 10554 stars in the area of NGC 2264 between I_C_=9.8mag and I_C_=21mag on which we did photometry. It contains information on the position, brightness, colours and the variability of these stars. It also lists the spectral type taken from the literature (if available) as well as the identification numbers of the stars in other studies. Table 6 lists the stars detected as periodic in this study and gives their brightness, periods determined by different periodogram techniques, and the period finally adopted as well as the estimated period error. Stars which passed the two adopted PMS tests are also indicated. Time series data were obtained in the I_C_ band in 44 nights between Dec. 2000 and March 2001 with the Wide Field Imager (WFI) on the MPG/ESO 2.2m telescope on La Silla (Chile).
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/140/1337
- Title:
- RV of 111 Galactic halo stars in Virgo
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/140/1337
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present multi-slit radial velocity measurements for 111 stars in the direction of the Virgo Stellar Stream (VSS). The stars were photometrically selected to be probable main-sequence stars in the Galactic halo. When compared with the radial velocity distribution expected for the halo of the Milky Way, as well as the distribution seen in a control field, we observe a significant excess of negative velocity stars in the field, which can likely be attributed to the presence of a stellar stream.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/356/1583
- Title:
- RV of Sigma Ori low-mass candidate members
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/356/1583
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present radial velocities for 38 low-mass candidate members of the {sigma} Orionis young group. We have measured their radial velocities by cross-correlation of high-resolution (R>>6000) AF2/Wide Field Fibre Optical Spectrograph (WYFFOS) spectra of the gravity-sensitive NaI doublet at 8183,8195{AA}, on the nights of 2003 January 3 and 4. The total sample contained 117 objects, of which 54 have sufficient signal-to-noise ratio to detect NaI at an equivalent width of 3{AA}; however, we only detect NaI in 38 of these. This implies that very low-mass members of this young group display weaker NaI absorption than similarly aged objects in the Upper Scorpius OB association. We develop a technique to assess membership using radial velocities with a range of uncertainties that does not bias the selection when large uncertainties are present. The resulting membership probabilities are used to assess the issue of exclusion in photometric selections, and we find that very few members are likely to be excluded by such techniques. We also assess the level of contamination in the expected pre-main-sequence region of colour-magnitude space brighter than I=17. We find that contamination by non-members in the expected pre-main-sequence region of the colour-magnitude diagram is small. We conclude that although radial velocity alone is insufficient to confirm membership, high signal-to-noise ratio observations of the NaI doublet provide the opportunity to use the strength of NaI absorption in concert with radial velocities to asses membership down to the lowest masses, where lithium absorption no longer distinguishes youth.
407. RW Aur spectra
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/440/595
- Title:
- RW Aur spectra
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/440/595
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present an analysis of the classical T Tauri star RW Aur A, based on 77 echelle spectra obtained at Lick Observatory over a decade of observations. RW Aur, which has a higher than average mass accretion rate among T Tauri stars, exhibits permitted (Halpha, Hbeta, Ca II, He I, NaD) and forbidden ([OI]6300{AA}) emission lines with strong variability. The permitted lines display multiple periodicities over the years, often with variable accretion (redshifted) and outflow (blueshifted) absorption components, implying that both processes are active and changing in this system. The broad components of the different emission lines exhibit correlated behavior, indicating a common origin for all of them. We compute simple magnetospheric accretion and disk-wind Halpha, Hbeta and NaD line profiles for RW Aur. The observed Balmer emission lines do not have magnetospheric accretion line profiles. Our modeling indicates that the wind contribution to these line profiles is very important and must be taken into account. Our results indicate that the Halpha, Hbeta and NaD observed line profiles of RW Aur are better reproduced by collimated disk-winds starting from a small region near the disk inner radius.
408. RY Tau in 1996
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/341/553
- Title:
- RY Tau in 1996
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/341/553
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The T Tauri star RY Tau has increased its brightness from V=10.6mag to V=9.6mag in October-November 1996. By February-March 1997, the star has faded again to V=10.8mag. High-resolution echelle spectra of RY Tau were obtained wit h the SOFIN spectrograph at the Nordic Optical Telescope (La Palma, Spain) at lo w and high brightness levels of the star. No significant changes in the photosph eric lines, which are sensitive to temperature and gravity, were noticed. The spectral type of RY Tau is defined as G1-2IV, which in combination with photomet ric data implies A_V_=1.0-1.3mag. Polarimetric patrol of RY Tau during the fadin g of the star showed an increase of its intrinsic polarization from 0.5-1.0% at high brightness to about 2% at low brightness in the V, R and I bands. The flux radiated in H{alpha} and the IR Ca II emission lines remained about the same, in spite of the one magnitude difference in the continuum flux. These results indicate that variable obscuration of the star by circumstellar dust clo uds was responsible for the brightness change of RY Tau, and that the emission l ine source is mostly outside of the obscured region.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/568/A26
- Title:
- SACY. V. Multiple systems
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/568/A26
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Dynamically undisrupted, young populations of stars are crucial in studying the role of multiplicity in relation to star formation. Loose nearby associations provide us with a great sample of close (<150pc) pre-main sequence (PMS) stars across the very important age range (~5-70Myr) to conduct such research. We characterize the short period multiplicity fraction of the search for associations containing young stars (SACY) sample, accounting for any identifiable bias in our techniques and present the role of multiplicity fractions of the SACY sample in the context of star formation. Using the cross-correlation technique we identified double-lined and triple-lined spectroscopic systems (SB2/SB3s), in addition to this we computed radial velocity (RV) values for our subsample of SACY targets using several epochs of fiber-fed extended range optical spectrograph (FEROS) and ultraviolet and visual echelle spectrograph (UVES) data. These values were used to revise the membership of each association that was then combined with archival data to determine significant RV variations across different data epochs characteristic of multiplicity; single-lined multiple systems (SB1). Results: We identified seven new multiple systems (SB1s: 5, SB2s: 2). We find no significant difference between the short period multiplicity fraction (F_m_) of the SACY sample and that of close star-forming regions (~-2Myr) and the field (F_m_<=10%). These are seen both as a function of age and as a function of primary mass, M_1_, in the ranges P [1:200day] and M_2_ [0.08M_{sun}_-M_1_], respectively. Our results are consistent with the picture of universal star formation, when compared to the field and close star-forming regions (SFRs). We comment on the implications of the relationship between increasing multiplicity fraction with the primary mass within the close companion range in relation to star formation.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/560/A105
- Title:
- SAO 206462 polarised Ks image
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/560/A105
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Transitional disks represent a short stage of the evolution of circumstellar material. Studies of dust grains in these objects can provide pivotal information on the mechanisms of planet formation. Dissimilarities in the spatial distribution of small ({mu}m-size) and large (mm-size) dust grains have recently been pointed out. Constraints on the small dust grains can be obtained by imaging the distribution of scattered light at near-infrared wavelengths. We aim at resolving structures in the surface layer of transitional disks (with particular emphasis on the inner 10-50AU), thus increasing the scarce sample of high-resolution images of these objects. We obtained VLT/NACO near-IR high-resolution polarimetric differential imaging observations of SAO 206462 (HD135344B). This technique allows one to image the polarized scattered light from the disk without any occulting mask and to reach an inner working angle of ~0.1". A face-on disk is detected in H and K_s_ bands between 0.1" and 0.9". No significant differences are seen between the H and K_s_ images. In addition to the spiral arms, these new data allow us to resolve for the first time an inner disk cavity for small dust grains. The cavity size (=~28AU) is much smaller than what is inferred for large dust grains from (sub-)mm observations (39 to 50AU). This discrepancy cannot be ascribed to any resolution effect. The interaction between the disk and potential orbiting companion(s) can explain both the spiral arm structure and the discrepant cavity sizes for small and large dust grains. One planet may be carving out the gas (and, thus, the small grains) at 28AU, and generating a pressure bump at larger radii (39AU), which holds back the large grains. We analytically estimate that, in this scenario, a single giant planet (with a mass between 5 and 15M_J_) at 17 to 20AU from the star is consistent with the observed cavity sizes.
