- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/799/10
- Title:
- Arp 220 6 and 33GHz images
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/799/10
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present new Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array radio continuum images of the nuclei of Arp 220, the nearest ultra-luminous infrared galaxy. These new images have both the angular resolution to study the detailed morphologies of the two nuclei that power the galaxy merger and sensitivity to a wide range of spatial scales. At 33GHz, we achieve a resolution of 0.081"x0.063" (29.9x23.3pc) and resolve the radio emission surrounding both nuclei. We conclude from the decomposition of the radio spectral energy distribution that a majority of the 33GHz emission is synchrotron radiation. The spatial distributions of radio emission in both nuclei are well described by exponential profiles. These have deconvolved half-light radii (R_50d_) of 51 and 35pc for the eastern and western nuclei, respectively, and they match the number density profile of radio supernovae observed with very long baseline interferometry. This similarity might be due to the fast cooling of cosmic rays electrons caused by the presence of a strong (~mG) magnetic field in this system. We estimate extremely high molecular gas surface densities of 2.2_-1.0_^+2.1^x10^5^M_{sun}_/pc^2^ (east) and 4.5_-1.9_^+4.5^x10^5^M_{sun}_/pc^2^ (west), corresponding to total hydrogen column densities of N_H_=2.7_-1.2_^+2.7^x10^25^cm^-2^ (east) and 5.6_-2.4_^+5.5^x10^25^cm^-2^ (west). The implied gas volume densities are similarly high, n_H2_~3.8_-1.6_^+3.8^x10^4^cm^-3^ (east) and ~11_-4.5_^+12^x10^4^cm^-3^ (west). We also estimate very high luminosity surface densities of {Sigma}_IR_~4.2_-0.7_^+1.6^x10^13^L_{sun}_/kpc^2^ (east) and {Sigma}_IR_ ~ 9.7_-2.4_^+3.7^x10^13^_L_{sun}/kpc^2^ (west), and star formation rate surface densities of {Sigma}_SFR_~10^3.7+/-0.1^M_{sun}_/yr/kpc^2^ (east) and {Sigma}_SFR_~10^4.1+/-0.1^M_{sun}_/yr/kpc^2^ (west). These values, especially for the western nucleus are, to our knowledge, the highest luminosity surface densities and star formation rate surface densities measured for any star-forming system. Despite these high values, the nuclei appear to lie below the dusty Eddington limit in which radiation pressure is balanced only by self-gravity. The small measured sizes also imply that at wavelengths shorter than {lambda}=1mm, dust absorption effects must play an important role in the observed light distribution while below 5GHz free-free absorption contributes substantial opacity. According to these calculations, the nuclei of Arp 220 are only transparent in the frequency range ~5-350GHz. Our results offer no clear evidence that an active galactic nucleus dominates the emission from either nucleus at 33GHz.
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- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/593/A86
- Title:
- Arp 220 LOFAR radio images at 150MHz
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/593/A86
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We analyse new observations with the International Low Frequency Array (LOFAR) telescope, and archival data from the Multi-Element Radio Linked Interferometer Network (MERLIN) and the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA). We model the spatially resolved radio spectrum of Arp 220 from 150MHz to 33GHz. We present an image of Arp 220 at 150MHz with resolution 0.65"x0.35", sensitivity 0.15mJy/beam, and integrated flux density 394+/-59mJy. More than 80% of the detected flux comes from extended (6"~2.2kpc) steep spectrum (alpha=-0.7) emission, likely from star formation in the molecular disk surrounding the two nuclei. We find elongated features extending 0.3" (110pc) and 0.9" (330pc) from the eastern and western nucleus respectively, which we interpret as evidence for outflows. The extent of radio emission requires acceleration of cosmic rays far outside the nuclei. We find that a simple three component model can explain most of the observed radio spectrum of the galaxy. When accounting for absorption at 1.4GHz, Arp 220 follows the FIR/radio correlation with q=2.36, and we estimate a star formation rate of 220M_{sun}_/yr. We derive thermal fractions at 1GHz of less than 1% for the nuclei, which indicates that a major part of the UV-photons are absorbed by dust. International LOFAR observations shows great promise to detect steep spectrum outflows and probe regions of thermal absorption. However, in LIRGs the emission detected at 150MHz does not necessarily come from the main regions of star formation. This implies that high spatial resolution is crucial for accurate estimates of star formation rates for such galaxies at 150MHz.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/281/15
- Title:
- Asymmetries in radio source structures
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/281/15
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- (no description available)
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/453/4020
- Title:
- ATLAS 1.4GHz Data Release 3
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/453/4020
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present the third data release from the Australia Telescope Large Area Survey. These data combine the observations at 1.4GHz before and after upgrades to the Australia Telescope Compact Array reaching a sensitivity of 14{mu}Jy/beam in 3.6 deg^2^ over the Chandra Deep Field South (CDFS) and of 17{mu}Jy/beam in 2.7 deg^2^ over the European Large Area ISO Survey South 1 (ELAIS-S1). We used a variety of array configurations to maximize the uv coverage resulting in a resolution of 16 by 7-arcsec in CDFS and of 12 by 8-arcsec in ELAIS-S1. After correcting for peak bias and bandwidth smearing, we find a total of 3034 radio source components above 5{sigma} in CDFS, of which 514 (17 per cent) are considered to be extended. The number of components detected above 5{sigma} in ELAIS-S1 is 2084, of which 392 (19 per cent) are classified as extended. The catalogues include reliable spectral indices ({Delta}{alpha}<0.2) between 1.40 and 1.71GHz for ~350 of the brightest components.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/649/A94
- Title:
- A universal pattern in halo magnetic fields
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/649/A94
- Date:
- 22 Feb 2022
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Magnetic fields in galaxy halos are in general very difficult to observe. Most recently, the Continuum HAlos in Nearby Galaxies - an EVLA Survey (CHANG-ES) collaboration investigated the radio halos of 35 nearby edge-on spiral galaxies in detail and detected large-scale magnetic fields in 16 of them. We used the CHANG-ES radio polarization data to create rotation measure (RM) maps for all galaxies in the sample and stack them with the aim of amplifying any underlying universal toroidal magnetic field pattern in the halo above and below the disk of the galaxy. We discovered a large-scale magnetic field in the central region of the stacked galaxy profile, which is attributable to an axial electric current that universally outflows from the center, both above and below the plane of the disk. A similar symmetry-breaking has also been observed in astrophysical jets, but never before in galaxy halos. This is an indication that galaxy halo magnetic fields are probably not generated by pure magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) processes in the central regions of galaxies. One such promising physical mechanism is the Cosmic Battery operating in the innermost accretion disk around the central supermassive black hole. We anticipate that our discovery will stimulate a more general discussion on the origin of astrophysical magnetic fields.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/600/A65
- Title:
- B2 0924+30 LOFAR HBA and WSRT maps
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/600/A65
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Using LOFAR (LOw Frequency ARray), Westerbork telescope and survey data, we map the spectral index and age of the remnant radio galaxy by using different ageing models.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/620/A74
- Title:
- Bootes field deep LOFAR 150MHz imaging
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/620/A74
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We have conducted a deep survey (with a central rms of 55uJy) with the LOw Frequency ARray (LOFAR) at 120-168MHz of the Bootes field, with an angular resolution of 3.98"x6.45", and obtained a sample of 10091 radio sources (5{sigma} limit) over an area of 20deg^2^. The astrometry and flux scale accuracy of our source catalog is investigated. The resolution bias, incompleteness and other systematic effects that could affect our source counts are discussed and accounted for. The derived 150MHz source counts present a flattening below sub-mJy flux densities, that is in agreement with previous results from high- and low- frequency surveys. This flattening has been argued to be due to an increasing contribution of star-forming galaxies and faint active galactic nuclei. Additionally, we use our observations to evaluate the contribution of cosmic variance to the scatter in source counts measurements. The latter is achieved by dividing our Bootes mosaic into 10 non-overlapping circular sectors, each one with an approximate area of 2deg^2^. The counts in each sector are computed in the same way as done for the entire mosaic. By comparing the induced scatter with that of counts obtained from depth observations scaled to 150MHz, we find that the 1{sigma} scatter due to cosmic variance is larger than the Poissonian errors of the source counts, and it may explain the dispersion from previously reported depth source counts at flux densities S<1mJy. This work demonstrates the feasibility of achieving deep radio imaging at low-frequencies with LOFAR.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/460/2385
- Title:
- Bootes field LOFAR 150-MHz observations
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/460/2385
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present the first wide area (19 deg^2^), deep (~=120-150 {mu}Jy/beam), high-resolution (5.6x7.4-arcsec) LOFAR High Band Antenna image of the Bootes field made at 130-169MHz. This image is at least an order of magnitude deeper and 3-5 times higher in angular resolution than previously achieved for this field at low frequencies. The observations and data reduction, which includes full direction-dependent calibration, are described here. We present a radio source catalogue containing 6276 sources detected over an area of 19deg^2^, with a peak flux density threshold of 5{sigma}. As the first thorough test of the facet calibration strategy, introduced by van Weeren et al. (2016ApJS..223....2V), we investigate the flux and positional accuracy of the catalogue. We present differential source counts that reach an order of magnitude deeper in flux density than previously achieved at these low frequencies, and show flattening at 150-MHz flux densities below 10 mJy associated with the rise of the low flux density star-forming galaxies and radio-quiet AGN.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/216/173
- Title:
- Bright extragalactic radio sources at 2.7 GHz
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/216/173
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The brightest extragalactic radio sources at 2.7 GHz are catalogued. The complete sample comprises 233 sources found in the major centimeter wavelength surveys carried out at ANRAO/Parkes, NNRAO/Greenbank, and MPIfR/Bonn: the sample covers 9.81 sr and has limits S(27) = 2.0 Jy and |b| > 10{deg}. A critical reanalysis of the data shows that 227 (97 percent) have optical identifications and 171 (73 percent) have measured redshifts. The implications of the catalogue statistics for the luminosity functions of different radio-source populations are considered.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/VIII/5
- Title:
- Bright Extragalactic Radio Sources (1Jy)
- Short Name:
- VIII/5
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The catalog is a compilation of 518 extragalactic radio sources with flux densities greater than 1 Jy at 5 GHz. It contains sources from the NRAO-MPI 5-GHz Strong Source Surveys and from re-observation at 5 GHz of sources found in the Parkes 2.7-GHz surveys. All sources were found in 9.811 sr covered by the two surveys. This is essentially the whole sky, excluding the galactic plane (latitudes less than 10 degrees) and the Magellanic Clouds. The catalog includes radio flux densities, radio positions, object classes, visual magnitudes, redshifts, and spectral indices.