- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/657/A25
- Title:
- A521 and Cosmic Snake ALMA abd HST images
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/657/A25
- Date:
- 16 Mar 2022 13:03:06
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We study the spatially resolved physical properties of the Cosmic Snake arc in MACS J1206.2-0847 and the arc in Abell 0521 (A521). These are two strongly lensed galaxies at redshifts z=1.036 and z=1.044. We used observations of the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) and the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA). The former gives access to the star formation rate (SFR) and stellar mass (M*), and the latter to the H_2_ molecular gas mass (Mmol). HST and ALMA observations have similar angular resolutions of 0.15"-0.2", which with the help of strong gravitational lensing enable us to reach spatial resolutions down to ~30pc and ~100pc in these two galaxies, respectively. These resolutions are close to the resolution of observations of nearby galaxies. We study the radial profiles of SFR, M*, and Mmol surface densities of these high-redshift galaxies and compare the corresponding exponential scale lengths with those of local galaxies. We find that the scale lengths in the Cosmic Snake are about 0.5kpc-1.5kpc, and they are 3 to 10 times larger in A521. This is a significant difference knowing that the two galaxies have comparable integrated properties. These high-redshift scale lengths are nevertheless comparable to those of local galaxies, which cover a wide distribution. The particularity of our high-redshift radial profiles is the normalisation of the Mmol surface density profiles (Sigma Mmol), which are offset by up to a factor of 20 with respect to the profiles of z=0 counterparts. The SFR surface density profiles are also offset by the same factor as {SIGMA}Mmol, as expected from the Kennicutt-Schmidt law.
« Previous |
1 - 100 of 1,946
|
Next »
Number of results to display per page
Search Results
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/647/A3
- Title:
- Abell 3391-Abell 3395 ASKAP/EMU image
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/647/A3
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The pre-merging system of galaxy clusters Abell 3391-Abell 3395 located at a mean redshift of 0.053 has been observed at 1GHz in an ASKAP/EMU Early Science observation as well as in X-rays with eROSITA. The projected separation of the X-ray peaks of the two clusters is ~50{deg} or ~3.1Mpc. Here we present an inventory of interesting radio sources in this field around this cluster merger. While the eROSITA observations provide clear indications of a bridge of thermal gas between the clusters, neither ASKAP nor MWA observations show any diffuse radio emission coinciding with the X-ray bridge. We derive an upper limit on the radio emissivity in the bridge region of <J>_1GHz_<1.2x10^-44^W/H/m3. A non-detection of diffuse radio emission in the X-ray bridge between these two clusters has implications for particle-acceleration mechanisms in cosmological large-scale structure. We also report extended or otherwise noteworthy radio sources in the 30deg^2^ field around Abell 3391-Abell 3395. We identified 20 Giant Radio Galaxies, plus 7 candidates, with linear projected sizes greater than 1Mpc. The sky density of field radio galaxies with largest linear sizes of >0.7Mpc is ~1.7deg^2^, three times higher than previously reported. We find no evidence for a cosmological evolution of the population of Giant Radio Galaxies. Moreover, we find seven candidates for cluster radio relics and radio halos.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/618/A152
- Title:
- Abell 1795 GMRT and Chandra maps
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/618/A152
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- In this paper we analyze AGN activity signatures in the rich nearby galaxy cluster Abell 1795 aiming to confirm and characterize the long-term feedback history in the system. We combine radio observations at 610 and 235MHz from the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT) with 3.4Msec X-ray data from the Chandra Observatory. Extracting radial temperature profiles, as well as Xray and radio surface brightness profiles in three directions showing major morphological disturbances, we highlight the signatures of activity in the system. For the first time we observe radio emission corresponding to the NW X-ray depression, which provides evidence in favor of the classification of the depression as a cavity. We identify two other X-ray cavities situated NW and SW of the AGN. While the central radio emission corresponding to the inner cavities shows a flatter spectral index, the radio extensions associated with the farthest X-ray cavities consist of aged plasma. All observed signatures both in radio and X-ray are consistent with several consecutive episodes of AGN activity, which gave rise to the observed morphology NW and SW from the core. In the southern region, we confirm the cooling wake hypothesis for the origin of the long tail. The deep X-ray data also allows us to distinguish significant distortions in the tail's inner parts, which we attribute to the activity of the AGN.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/383/1519
- Title:
- Abell 1367 HI sources from AGES
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/383/1519
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present 21cm HI line observations of 5x1deg^2^ centred on the local Abell cluster 1367 obtained as part of the Arecibo Galaxy Environment Survey. One hundred sources are detected (79 new HI measurements and 50 new redshifts), more than half belonging to the cluster core and its infalling region. Combining the HI data with Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) optical imaging, we show that our HI selected sample follows scaling relations similar to the ones usually observed in optically selected samples. Interestingly, all galaxies in our sample appear to have nearly the same baryon fraction independently of their size, surface brightness and luminosity. The most striking difference between HI and optically selected samples resides in their large-scale distribution: whereas optical and X-ray observations trace the cluster core very well, in HI there is almost no evidence of the presence of the cluster. Some implications on the determination of the cluster luminosity function and HI distribution for samples selected at different wavelength are also discussed.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/622/A22
- Title:
- Abell 1914 multiwavelength radio images
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/622/A22
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- A number of radio observations have revealed the presence of large synchrotron-emitting sources associated with the intra-cluster medium. There is strong observational evidence that the emitting particles have been (re-)accelerated by shocks and turbulence generated during merger events. The particles that are accelerated are thought to have higher initial energies than those in the thermal pool but the origin of such mildly relativistic particles remains uncertain and needs to be further investigated. The galaxy cluster Abell 1914 is a massive galaxy cluster in which X-ray observations show clear evidence of merging activity. We carried out radio observations of this cluster with the LOw Frequency ARay (LOFAR) at 150MHz and the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT) at 610MHz. We also analysed Very Large Array (VLA) 1.4GHz data, archival GMRT 325MHz data, CFHT weak lensing data and Chandra observations. Our analysis shows that the ultra-steep spectrum source (4C38.39; {alpha}<~-2), previously thought to be part of a radio halo, is a distinct source with properties that are consistent with revived fossil plasma sources. Finally, we detect some diffuse emission to the west of the source 4C38.39 that could belong to a radio halo.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/649/A37
- Title:
- Abell 1775 radio images
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/649/A37
- Date:
- 22 Feb 2022
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Thermal gas in the center of galaxy clusters can show substantial motions that generate surface brightness and temperature discontinuities known as cold fronts. The motions may be triggered by minor or o-axis mergers that preserve the cool-core of the system. The dynamics of the thermal gas can also generate radio emission from the intra-cluster medium (ICM) and impact the evolution of clusters radio sources. We study the central region of Abell 1775, a system in an ambiguous dynamical state at z=0.072 which is known to host an extended head-tail radio galaxy, with the aim of investigating the connection between thermal and non-thermal components in its center. We made use of a deep (100ks) Chandra observation accompanied by LOFAR 144MHz, GMRT 235MHz and 610MHz, and VLA 1.4GHz radio data. We find a spiral-like pattern in the X-ray surface brightness that is mirrored in the temperature and pseudo-entropy maps. Additionally, we characterize an arc-shaped cold front in the ICM. We interpret these features in the context of a slingshot gas tail scenario. The structure of the head-tail radio galaxy "breaks" at the position of the cold front, showing an extension that is detected only at low frequencies, likely due to its steep and curved spectrum. We speculate that particle re-acceleration is occurring in the outer region of this tail, that in total covers a projected size of 800kpc. We also report the discovery of revived fossil plasma with ultra-steep spectrum radio emission in the cluster core together with a central diffuse radio source that is bounded by the arc-shaped cold front. The results reported in this work demonstrate the interplay between thermal and non-thermal components in the cluster center and the presence of ongoing particle re-acceleration in the ICM on different scales.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/643/A172
- Title:
- Abell 2626 radio source LOFAR image at 144MHz
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/643/A172
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present new LOFAR data of the galaxy cluster Abell 2626. Weproduced a new, resolved spectral index map of the source with a resolution of 7" and we studied the spatial correlation of radio and X-ray emission to investigate the interplay between thermal and nonthermal plasma. The new LOFAR data changed our view of the Kite because we discovered two steep-spectrum ({alpha}<-1.5) plumes of emission connected to the arcs. On the basis of our results, we propose that the Kite was originally an X-shaped radio galaxy whose fossil radio plasma, after the end of the activity of the central active galactic nucleus, has been compressed as a consequence of motions of the thermal plasma encompassing the galaxy. The interplay between the compression and advection of the fossil plasma, with the restarting of the nuclear activity of the central galaxy,could have enhanced the radio emission of the fossil plasma producing the arcs of the Kite. We also present the first, low-frequency observation of a jellyfish galaxy in the same field, in which we detect extended, low-frequency emission without a counterpart at higher frequencies.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/453/4485
- Title:
- Absolute polarimetry observations of 33 pulsars
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/453/4485
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Absolute polarimetry observations of 33 pulsars were carried out with the Green Bank Telescope in the 1100-1900 MHz band using the Green Bank Ultimate Pulsar Processing Instrument. This group was selected to help complete a larger sample for which accurate proper-motion measurements were available. A combination of profile analysis using the core/double cone model and polarization-angle fitting methods were applied to estimate the "fiducial" longitude of the magnetic axis for each star and refer the linear polarization angle at that point to infinite frequency. As had been found previously, a number of the pulsars are found to have fiducial polarization directions that fall either along or at right angles to their proper-motion directions, whereas upwards of a third of the stars studied show alignments that are neither parallel nor orthogonal.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/220/7
- Title:
- Abundance of X-shaped radio sources. I. VLA survey
- Short Name:
- J/ApJS/220/7
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Cheung (2007, J/AJ/133/2097) identified a sample of 100 candidate X-shaped radio galaxies using the NRAO FIRST survey; these are small-axial-ratio extended radio sources with off-axis emission. Here, we present radio images of 52 of these sources that have been made from archival Very Large Array data with resolution of about 1". Fifty-one of the 52 were observed at 1.4GHz, 7 were observed at 1.4 and 5GHz, and 1 was observed only at 5GHz. We also present overlays of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey red images for 48 of the sources, and DSS-II overlays for the remainder. Optical counterparts have been identified for most sources, but there remain a few empty fields. Our higher resolution VLA images along with FIRST survey images of the sources in the sample reveal that extended extragalactic radio sources with small axial ratios are largely (60%) cases of double radio sources with twin lobes that have off-axis extensions, usually with inversion-symmetric structure. The available radio images indicate that at most 20% of sources might be genuine X-shaped radio sources that could have formed by a restarting of beams in a new direction following an interruption and axis flip. The remaining 20% are in neither of these categories.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/632/A78
- Title:
- A case study of the HI content of HCG 16
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/632/A78
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Hickson Compact Group (HCG) 16 is a prototypical compact group of galaxies in an intermediate stage of the evolutionary sequence proposed by Verdes-Montenegro et al. (2001A&A...377..812V), where its galaxies are losing gas to the intra-group medium (IGrM). The group hosts galaxies that are HI-normal, HI-poor, centrally active with both AGN and starbursts, as well as a likely new member and a 160kpc long HI tidal feature. Despite being a well-studied group at all wavelengths, no previous study of HCG 16 has focused on its extraordinary HI component. The characteristics of HCG 16 make it an ideal case study for exploring which processes are likely to dominate the late stages of evolution in compact groups, and ultimately determine their end states. In order to build a coherent picture of the evolution of this group we make use of the multi-wavelength data available, but focus particularly on HI as a tracer of interactions and evolutionary phase. We reprocess archival VLA L-band observations of HCG 16 using the multi-scale CLEAN algorithm to accurately recover diffuse features. Tidal features and galaxies are separated in 3 dimensions using the SlicerAstro package. The HI deficiency of the separated galaxies is assessed against the benchmark of recent scaling relations of isolated galaxies. This work has been performed with particular attention to reproducibility and is accompanied by a complete workflow to reproduce all the final data products, figures, and results. Despite the clear disruption of the HI component of HCG 16 we find that it is not globally HI deficient, even though HCG 16a and b have lost the majority of their HI and almost 50% of the group's HI is in the IGrM. The HI content of HCG 16d shows highly disturbed kinematics, with only a marginal velocity gradient that is almost perpendicular to its optical major axis. The ~160kpc long tail extending towards the South-East appears to be part of an even larger structure which spatially and kinematically connects NGC 848 to the North-West corner of the group. This study indicates that in the recent past (1Gyr) galaxies HCG 16a and b likely underwent major interactions that unbound gas without triggering significant star formation. This gas was then swept away by a high speed, close encounter with NGC 848. The starburst events HCG 16c and d, likely initiated by their mutual interaction, have triggered galactic winds which, in the case of HCG 16d, appears to have disrupted its HI reservoir. The tidal features still connected to all these galaxies indicate that more HI will soon be lost to the IGrM, while that which remains in the discs will likely be consumed by star formation episodes triggered by their on-going interaction. This is expected to result in a collection of gas-poor galaxies embedded in a diffuse HI structure, which will gradually (over several Gyr) be evaporated by the UV background, resembling the final stage of the evolutionary model of compact groups.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/277/1477
- Title:
- A catalogue of BL Lacertae objects
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/277/1477
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present a catalogue of 233 BL Lacertae objects compiled through an extensive bibliographic search updated to mid-1995. A large fraction of the sources listed in the catalogue belongs to well-defined samples and can be used for statistical purposes. A smaller fraction consists of miscellaneous (but confirmed) BL Lacs and of objects classified as BL Lac candidates. We discuss the selection criteria of the different samples, report the discovery of two previously unnoticed BL Lacs in the Palomar-Green survey, and comment on the possible association of some of the still unidentified high galactic latitude gamma-ray (EGRET, see Thompson et al., =1995ApJS..101..259T) sources with BL Lacs. Some statistical properties of the catalogue are also briefly discussed.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/V/138
- Title:
- A catalogue of cross-matched radio/infrared/X-ray sources
- Short Name:
- V/138
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present a catalog of cross-correlated radio, infrared and X-ray sources using a very restrictive selection criteria with an IDL-based code developed by us. The significance of the observed coincidences was evaluated through Monte Carlo simulations of synthetic sources following a well-tested protocol. We found 3320 coincident radio/X-ray sources with a high statistical significance characterized by the sum of error-weighted coordinate differences. For 997 of them, 2MASS counterparts were found. The percentage of chance coincidences is less than 1%. X-ray hardness ratios of well-known populations of objects were used to provide a crude representation of their X-ray spectrum and to make a preliminary diagnosis of the possible nature of unidentified X-ray sources. The results support the fact that the X-ray sky is largely dominated by Active Galactic Nuclei at high galactic latitudes (|b|>=10deg). At low galactic latitudes (|b|<=10deg) most of unidentified X-ray sources (~94%) lie at |b|>=2deg. This result suggests that most of the unidentified sources found toward the Milky Way plane are galactic objects. Well-known and unidentified sources were classified in different tables with their corresponding radio/infrared and X-ray properties. These tables are intended as a useful tool for researchers interested in particular identifications.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/247/5
- Title:
- Accurate OH maser positions from SPLASH. III.
- Short Name:
- J/ApJS/247/5
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present high spatial resolution observations of ground-state OH masers achieved with the Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA). These observations targeted 253 pointing centers containing OH maser candidates at all four ground-state OH transitions identified in the Southern Parkes Large-Area Survey in Hydroxyl (SPLASH) across 96deg^2^ of the southern Galactic plane (332{deg}<l<334{deg} and -2{deg}<b<+2{deg}, 344{deg}<l<355{deg} and -2{deg}<b<+2{deg}, 358{deg}<l<4{deg} and +2{deg}<b<+6{deg}, 5{deg}<l<10{deg} and -2{deg}<b<+2{deg}). We detect maser emission toward 236 fields and suggest that 7 out of 17 nondetections are due to the slightly lower sensitivity of the ATCA observations, combined with some temporal variability. The superior resolution provided by the ATCA data has allowed us to identify 362 OH maser sites in the 236 target fields. Almost half (160 of 362) of these masers have been detected for the first time. Comparison between these 362 maser sites and information presented in the literature allowed us to categorize 238 sites as evolved star sites (66%), 63 as star formation (17%), 8 as supernova remnants, and 53 as unknown maser sites (15%). We present an analysis of the OH masers across the full SPLASH survey range (176deg^2^) and find that the detection rate of 1.7GHz radio continuum sources (18%) is lower than that previously found at 8.2 and 9.2GHz (38%). We also find that the velocity separations of evolved star sites with symmetric 1612MHz maser profiles are generally smaller than those with asymmetric profiles.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/239/15
- Title:
- Accurate OH maser positions. II. The GC.
- Short Name:
- J/ApJS/239/15
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present high spatial resolution observations of ground-state OH masers achieved using the Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA). These observations were conducted toward 171 pointing centers where OH maser candidates were identified previously in the Southern Parkes Large-Area Survey in Hydroxyl (SPLASH) toward the Galactic center region between Galactic longitudes of 355* and 5* and Galactic latitudes of -2{deg} and +2{deg}. We detect maser emission toward 162 target fields and suggest that six out of nine nondetections are due to intrinsic variability. Due to the superior spatial resolution of the follow-up ATCA observations, we have identified 356 OH maser sites in the 162 target fields with maser detections. Almost half (161 of 356) of these maser sites have been detected for the first time in these observations. After comparing the positions of these 356 maser sites to the literature, we find that 269 (76%) sites are associated with evolved stars (two of which are PNe), 31 (9%) are associated with star formation, and four are associated with supernova remnants; we were unable to determine the origin of the remaining 52 (15%) sites. Unlike the pilot region, the infrared colors of evolved star sites with symmetric maser profiles in the 1612MHz transition do not show obvious differences compared with those of evolved star sites with asymmetric maser profiles.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/442/2240
- Title:
- Accurate water maser positions from HOPS
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/442/2240
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We report on high spatial resolution water maser observations, using the Australia Telescope Compact Array, towards water maser sites previously identified in the H2O southern Galactic Plane Survey (HOPS) within the area covering Galactic coordinates from l=290 to l=30 and b=-0.5 to b=+0.5. Of the 540 maser sites identified in the single-dish observations of Walsh et al. (2011MNRAS.416.1764W, Cat. J/MNRAS/416/1764), we detect emission in all but 31 fields. These maser sites together comprise 2790 individual spectral features (maser spots), with brightnesses ranging from 0.06Jy to 576Jy and with velocities ranging from -238.5 to +300.5km/s. Based on a definition of maser site size of 4-arcsec (except for G000.667+0.028, also known as Sgr B2, which we treat as a special case), we identify 631 maser sites. We have compared the positions of these sites to the literature to associate the sites with astrophysical objects. We identify 433 (69%) with star formation, 121 (19%) with evolved stars and 77 (12%) as unknown. Comparing the properties of maser sites of different origins, we find that those associated with evolved stars tend to have more maser spots and have smaller angular sizes than those associated with star formation. We present evidence that maser sites associated with evolved stars show an increased likelihood of having a velocity range between 15 and 35 km/s compared to other maser sites. We suggest this is because many of these maser sites are associated with the circumstellar shells of the evolved stars, which are expanding at these velocities. Of the 31 non-detections, we conclude they were not detected due to intrinsic variability and confirm previous results showing that such variable masers tend to be weaker and have simpler spectra with fewer peaks. Of the small number of maser sites showing linear features, we find evidence for lines that are both perpendicular and parallel to known outflows, suggesting that in star formation, H_2_O maser origins may be as varied and as complex as those of class II methanol masers.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/624/A70
- Title:
- Acetaldehyde CH_2_DCOH and CH_3_COD
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/624/A70
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Detection of deuterated species may provide information on the evolving chemistry in the earliest phases of star-forming regions. For molecules with two isomeric forms of the same isotopic variant, gas-phase and solid-state formation pathways can be differentiated using their abundance ratio. Spectroscopic databases for astrophysical purposes are built for the two mono deuterated isomeric species CH_2_DCOH and CH_3_COD of the complex organic molecule acetaldehyde. These databases can be used to search and detect these two species in astrophysical surveys, retrieving their column density and therefore abundances. Submillimeter wave and terahertz transitions were measured for mono deuterated acetaldehyde CH2DCOH which is a non-rigid species displaying internal rotation of its asymmetrical CH_2_D methyl group. An analysis of a dataset consisting of previously measured microwave data and the newly measured transition was carried out with a model accounting for the large amplitude torsion. The frequencies of 2556 transitions are reproduced with a unitless standard deviation of 2.3 yielding various spectroscopic constants. Spectroscopic databases for astrophysical purposes were built for CH_2_DCOH using the results of the present analysis and for CH_3_COD using the results of a previous spectroscopic investigation. These two species were both searched for and are detected toward a low-mass star-forming region. We report the first detection of CH2DCOH (93 transitions) and the detection of CH_3_COD (43 transitions) species in source B of the IRAS 16293-2422 young stellar binary system located in the {rho} Ophiuchus cloud region, using the publicly available ALMA Protostellar Interferometric Line Survey.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/140/968
- Title:
- A cluster of compact radio sources in W40
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/140/968
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present deep 3.6 cm radio continuum observations of the HII region W40 obtained using the Very Large Array (VLA) in its A and B configurations. We detect a total of 20 compact radio sources in a region of 4'x4', with 11 of them concentrated in a band with 30" of extent. We also present JHK photometry of the W40 cluster taken with the QUIRC instrument on the University of Hawaii 2.2m telescope. These data reveal that 15 of the 20 VLA sources have infrared counterparts, and 10 show radio variability with periods less than 20 days. Based on these combined radio and IR data, we propose that eight of the radio sources are candidate ultracompact HII regions, seven are likely to be young stellar objects, and two may be shocked interstellar gas.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/243/21
- Title:
- A complete sample of broad-line AGN from SDSS-DR7
- Short Name:
- J/ApJS/243/21
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- A new, complete sample of 14584 broad-line active galactic nuclei (AGNs) at z<0.35 is presented, which are uncovered homogeneously from the complete database of galaxies and quasars observed spectroscopically in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Seventh Data Release. The stellar continuum is properly removed for each spectrum with significant host absorption line features, and careful analyses of the emission line spectra, particularly in the H{alpha} and H{beta} wavebands, are carried out. The broad Balmer emission line, particularly H{alpha}, is used to indicate the presence of an AGN. The broad H{alpha} lines have luminosities in a range of 10^38.5^-10^44.3^erg/s, and line widths (FWHMs) of 500-34000km/s. The virial black hole masses, estimated from the broad-line measurements, span a range of 10^5.1^-10^10.3^M_{sun}_, and the Eddington ratios vary from -3.3 to 1.3 in logarithmic scale. Other quantities such as multiwavelength photometric properties and flags denoting peculiar line profiles are also included in this catalog. We describe the construction of this catalog and briefly discuss its properties. The catalog is publicly available online. This homogeneously selected AGN catalog, along with the accurately measured spectral parameters, provides the most updated, largest AGN sample data, which will enable further comprehensive investigations of the properties of the AGN population in the low-redshift universe.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/160/272
- Title:
- A CO survey of young planetary nebulae
- Short Name:
- J/ApJS/160/272
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We report the results of a sensitive survey of young planetary nebulae in the CO J=2-1 line that significantly increases the available data on warm, dense, molecular gas in the early phases of planetary nebula formation. The observations were made using the IRAM 30m telescope with the 3x3 pixel Heterodyne Receiver Array (HERA). The array provides an effective means of discriminating the CO emission of planetary nebulae in the Galactic plane from contaminating emission of interstellar clouds along the line of sight. A total of 110 planetary nebulae were observed in the survey, and 40 were detected. The results increase the number of young planetary nebulae with known CO emission by approximately a factor of 2. The CO spectra yield radial velocities for the detected nebulae, about half of which have uncertain or no velocity measurements at optical wavelengths. The CO profiles range from parabolic to double-peaked, tracing the evolution of structure in the molecular gas. The line widths are significantly larger than on the asymptotic giant branch, and many of the lines show extended wings, which probably result from the effects on the envelopes of high-velocity jets.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/650/A44
- Title:
- ACS J1149.5+2223 LOFAR and VLA images
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/650/A44
- Date:
- 22 Feb 2022
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Radio halos and relics are Mpc-scale diffuse radio sources in galaxy clusters, which have a steep spectral index {alpha}>1 (defined as S{prop.to}{nu}^-{alpha}^). It has been proposed that halos and relics arise from particle acceleration induced by turbulence and weak shocks that are injected into the intracluster medium (ICM) during mergers. MACS J1149.5+2223 is a high-redshift (z=0.544) galaxy cluster possibly hosting a radio halo and a relic. We analysed LOw Frequency Array (LOFAR), Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope, and Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (JVLA) radio data at 144, 323, and 1500MHz, respectively. In addition, we analysed archival Chandra X-ray data to characterise the thermal and non-thermal properties of the cluster. We obtained radio images at different frequencies to investigate the spectral properties of the radio halo. We used Chandra X-ray images to constrain the thermal properties of the cluster and to search for discontinuities (due to cold fronts or shock fronts) in the surface brightness of the ICM. By combining radio and X-ray images, we carried out a point-to-point analysis to study the connection between the thermal and non-thermal emission. We measured a steep spectrum of the halo, which can be described by a power-law with {alpha}=1.49+/-0.12 between 144 and 1500MHz. The radio surface brightness distribution across the halo is found to correlate with the X-ray brightness of the ICM. The derived correlation shows a sub-linear slope in the range 0.4-0.6. We also report two possible cold fronts in north-east and north-west, but deeper X-ray observations are required to firmly constrain the properties of the upstream emission. We show that the combination of high-redshift, steep radio spectrum, and sub-linear radio-X scaling of the halo rules out hadronic models. An old (~1Gyr ago) major merger likely induced the formation of the halo through stochastic re-acceleration of relativistic electrons. We suggest that the two possible X-ray discontinuities may be part of the same cold front. In this case, the coolest gas pushed towards the north-west might be associated with the cool core of a sub-cluster involved in the major merger. The peculiar orientation of the south-east relic might indicate a different nature of this source and requires further investigation.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+AS/115/81
- Title:
- A CS(2-1) survey of UC HII regions
- Short Name:
- J/A+AS/115/81
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We have made a complete survey of the CS(2-1) emission toward IRAS point sources in the galactic plane. The sources observed were selected according to their far infrared (FIR) colors, which are characteristic of UC HII regions. They have 25{mu}m/12{mu}m flux ratios larger than 3.7 and 60{mu}m/12{mu}m flux ratios larger than 19.3. The survey covered a region from b=-2deg to b=2deg from l=300deg to l=0deg and from l=0deg to l=60deg, and from b=-4deg to b=4deg elsewhere. We detected 843 sources out of 1427 sources observed. The distributions of detected and undetected sources in a FIR color-color diagram show some differences, suggesting that more than one type of object is present in our observed sample.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/439/1556
- Title:
- ACT high significance 148 and 218GHz sources
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/439/1556
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present a catalogue of 191 extragalactic sources detected by the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) at 148 and/or 218GHz in the 2008 Southern survey. Flux densities span 14 -1700mJy, and we use source spectral indices derived using ACT-only data to divide our sources into two subpopulations: 167 radio galaxies powered by central active galactic nuclei (AGN) and 24 dusty star-forming galaxies (DSFGs). We cross-identify 97 percent of our sources (166 of the AGN and 19 of the DSFGs) with those in currently available catalogues. When combined with flux densities from the Australia Telescope 20GHz survey and follow-up observations with the Australia Telescope Compact Array, the synchrotron-dominated population is seen to exhibit a steepening of the slope of the spectral energy distribution from 20 to 148GHz, with the trend continuing to 218GHz. The ACT dust-dominated source population has a median spectral index, {alpha}_148-218_, of 3.7^+0.62^_-0.86_, and includes both local galaxies and sources with redshift around 6. Dusty sources with no counterpart in existing catalogues likely belong to a recently discovered subpopulation of DSFGs lensed by foreground galaxies or galaxy groups.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/87/739
- Title:
- Active extragalactic objects I.
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/87/739
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- As one part of a program to detect complete samples of active extragalactic objects, the 3.36x10^-3^sr field centered on alpha=12h04min, delta=+11deg30' (1950.0) was mapped with the Very Large Array at 1411MHz. Sixty-seven maps cover this field so that no point is more than 15arcmin from the nearest map center. The median map noise is 0.6mJy, and the 6sigma completeness limit is less than 6mJy over half of the survey field. The synthesized point-source response is an elliptical Gaussian 22x18arcsec between half-intensity points. The rms source-position uncertainties are ~1arcsec in each coordinate so that reliable optical identifications can be made on the basis of radio-optical position coincidence alone. The sky density of sources with flux densities 5<=S<150mJy and the angular-size distribution of sources between 30 and 150mJy were determined.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/87/1429
- Title:
- Active extragalactic objects II.
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/87/1429
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- A single primary-beam area centered on alpha=08h52m16s, Delta=+17d16' (1950.0) was surveyed with the Very Large Array at 1.452 GHz. The rms map noise is 0.030 + 0.001 mJy, and the resulting source list is complete to a map peak flux density S_p = 0.2 mJy within 25 arcmin of the field center. Source counts between 0.2 and 5 mJy were determined. Our best-fit model for the counts suggests that the faintest sources have absolute radio luminosities L < 10^24 W/Hz and do not evolve significantly. Sources stronger than 0.2 mJy appear to account for most of the radio-source background. The rms sky-temperature fluctuation in the central 10'x10' of the map is less than 0.029 K (>99% confidence) on an angular scale ~19 arcsec. This limit constrains theories which attribute the cosmic microwave background to thermalized radiation from massive pregalactic stars or bursts of star formation in young galaxies.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/90/1437
- Title:
- Active Extragalactic Objects III
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/90/1437
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Three selected fields were observed with the Very Large Array (VLA) at 1411MHz as part of an ongoing project to compile complete samples of active extragalactic objects. The radio-source list for the field "A" centered on alpha=08h54m, delta=+17d30' is presented. 67 maps cover the area 3x3deg so that every point lies within at least one primary half-power beamwidth. The median map noise is 0.5mJy and the 6{sigma} completeness level is less than 6mJy over half the field. The synthesized point-source response is an elliptical Gaussian approximately 20x17" between half-intensity points. The areal density of sources with flux densities in the range 5<S<150mJy was determined. Optical identifications based on position coincidences with 90 objects brighter than B=~21.5 in the A and B survey fields are reported.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AZh/79/963
- Title:
- Active radio galaxies in cluster A569
- Short Name:
- J/AZh/79/963
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The nature of bright radio sources with known radio spectra in the direction of the nearby cluster of galaxies A569 (z=0.0193) is investigated. The optical identifications of the sources were provided. 45% of these radio sources are associated with compact galaxies. A substantial fraction of these galaxies have active nuclei. Some of them have radio halos.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/other/Ap/63.322
- Title:
- Activity type of AGN with SDSS spectra
- Short Name:
- J/other/Ap/63.32
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- This is a detailed spectral classification of 96 active galaxies from the Veron-Cetty and Veron catalog (2010, Version 13, Cat. VII/258) of active galaxies and quasars. These objects were identified as radio sources using standard radio catalogs. Those galaxies which had radio sources in at least 6 different radio bands and had been identified spectrally in the SDSS catalog were selected. The types of activity of these were determined using their SDSS spectra. Three diagnostic diagrams and a direct study of the spectra were used for more certain classification. As a result, the classifications of 85% of the objects were changed. The radio sources in different radio bands make it possible to construct the spectral distribution of the energy in the radio range and to compare it with the optical activity types.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/other/Ap/62.147
- Title:
- Activity types of ROSAT/SDSS galaxies
- Short Name:
- J/other/Ap/62.14
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- In this study we carry out detailed spectral classification of 173 AGN candidates from the Joint HRC/BHRC sample, which is a combination of HRC (Hamburg-ROSAT Catalogue) and BHRC (Byurakan-Hamburg-ROSAT Catalogue). These objects were revealed as optical counterparts for ROSAT X-ray sources, however spectra for 173 of them are given in SDSS without definite spectral classification. We studied these 173 objects using the SDSS spectra and revealed the detailed activity types for them. Three diagnostic diagrams and direct examination of the spectra were used to have more confident classification. We also made identification of these sources in other wavelength ranges and calculated some of their parameters.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/125/161
- Title:
- A database of dense cores mapped in ammonia
- Short Name:
- J/ApJS/125/161
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present a database of 264 cores mapped in the (J,K)=(1,1) and (2,2) lines of NH_3_. We list the core gas properties-peak positions, total ammonia column densities, intrinsic line widths, kinetic temperatures, volume densities, core sizes, aspect ratios, and velocity gradients, as well as the properties of associated young stellar objects (YSOs)-associated IRAS sources along with their luminosities and core-YSO distances, outflow velocities, and SIMBAD and cluster associations. We also present the results of our statistical analysis and enumerate important pairwise correlations among the various gas and YSO properties.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/212/21
- Title:
- A deep Chandra ACIS survey of M83
- Short Name:
- J/ApJS/212/21
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We have obtained a series of deep X-ray images of the nearby galaxy M83 using Chandra, with a total exposure of 729ks. Combining the new data with earlier archival observations totaling 61ks, we find 378 point sources within the D_25_ contour of the galaxy. We find 80 more sources, mostly background active galactic nuclei (AGNs), outside of the D_25_contour. Of the X-ray sources, 47 have been detected in a new radio survey of M83 obtained using the Australia Telescope Compact Array. Of the X-ray sources, at least 87 seem likely to be supernova remnants (SNRs), based on a combination of their properties in X-rays and at other wavelengths. We attempt to classify the point source population of M83 through a combination of spectral and temporal analysis. As part of this effort, we carry out an initial spectral analysis of the 29 brightest X-ray sources. The soft X-ray sources in the disk, many of which are SNRs, are associated with the spiral arms, while the harder X-ray sources, mostly X-ray binaries (XRBs), do not appear to be. After eliminating AGNs, foreground stars, and identified SNRs from the sample, we construct the cumulative luminosity function (CLF) of XRBs brighter than 8x10^35^erg/s. Despite M83's relatively high star formation rate, the CLF indicates that most of the XRBs in the disk are low mass XRBs.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/129/26
- Title:
- A deep radio survey of Abell 2125. I
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/129/26
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present a description of deep radio, optical, and near-IR observations taken with the VLA, the KPNO 2m telescope, and the KPNO 4m telescope of the region containing the rich cluster of galaxies Abell 2125. The reduction of each data set is described. A catalog of radio sources apparently not associated with members of A2125 and the associated R-band magnitudes is presented.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/129/31
- Title:
- A deep radio survey of Abell 2125. II
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/129/31
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Using our extensive radio, optical, near-IR, and X-ray imaging and spectroscopy, we consider the reason for the unusually large number of radio-detected galaxies, mostly found outside the cluster core, in Abell 2125 (z=0.2465, richness class 4). With 20cm VLA data, we detect continuum emission from 90 cluster members. The multiwavelength properties of these galaxies suggest that most of the radio emission is due to an enhanced star formation rate. The recent dynamical study of Miller et al. (2004, Cat. <J/ApJ/613/841>) suggests that A2125 is undergoing a major cluster-cluster merger, with our view within 30{deg} of the merger axis and within 0.2Gyr of core passage. The combination of projection effects and the physical processes at work during this special time in the cluster's evolution seem likely to be responsible for the unusual level of activity we see in the cluster. We argue that tidal effects on individual cluster members, often far from the cluster core, are responsible for the increased star formation. Our results are consistent with the idea that disk galaxies during this phase of a cluster's evolution undergo rapid evolution through a burst of star formation on their way to becoming S0 galaxies.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/475/549
- Title:
- AFGL 2591 maps in CS, SO and HCN lines
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/475/549
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The chemistry in the inner few thousand AU of accreting envelopes around young stellar objects is predicted to vary greatly with far-UV and X-ray irradiation by the central star. We search for molecular tracers of high-energy irradiation by the protostar in the hot inner envelope. The Submillimeter Array (SMA) has observed the high-mass star forming region AFGL 2591 in lines of CS, SO, HCN, HCN(nu2=1), and HC^15^N with 0.6" resolution at 350GHz probing radial scales of 600-3500AU for an assumed distance of 1kpc. The SMA observations are compared with the predictions of a chemical model fitted to previous single-dish observations.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/551/A43
- Title:
- AFGL 2591 multi-wavelength maps
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/551/A43
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- While it is currently unclear from a theoretical standpoint which forces and processes dominate the formation of high-mass stars, and hence determine the mode in which they form, much of the recent observational evidence suggests that massive stars are born in a similar manner to their low-mass counterparts. This paper aims to investigate the hypothesis that the embedded luminous star AFGL 2591-VLA 3 (2.3E+5L_{sun}_ at 3.33kpc) is forming according to a scaled-up version of a low-mass star formation scenario. We present multi-configuration Very Large Array 3.6cm and 7mm, as well as Combined Array for Research in Millimeter Astronomy C^18^O and 3mm continuum observations to investigate the morphology and kinematics of the ionized gas, dust, and molecular gas around AFGL 2591. We also compare our results to ancillary Gemini North near-IR images, and model the near-IR to sub-mm Spectral Energy distribution (SED) and Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS) image profiles of AFGL 2591 using a Monte-Carlo dust continuum radiative transfer code. The observed 3.6 cm images uncover for the first time that the central powering source AFGL 2591-VLA 3 has a compact core plus collimated jet morphology, extending 4000AU eastward from the central source with an opening angle of <10{deg} at this radius. However, at 7mm VLA 3 does not show a jet morphology, but instead compact (< 500AU) emission, some of which (<0.57mJy of 2.9mJy) is estimated to be from dust emission. The spectral index of AFGL 2591-VLA 3 between 3.6cm and 7mm was found to be between 0.4 and 0.5, similar to that of an ionized wind. If the 3.6cm emission is modelled as an ionized jet, the jet has almost enough momentum to drive the larger-scale flow. However, assuming a shock efficiency of 10%, the momentum rate of the jet is not sufficient to ionize itself via only shocks, and thus a significant portion of the emission is instead likely created in a photoionized wind. The C18O emission uncovers dense entrained material in the outflow(s) from these young stars. The main features of the SED and 2MASS images of AFGL 2591-VLA 3 are also reproduced by our model dust geometry of a rotationally flattened envelope with and without a disk. The above results are consistent with a picture of massive star formation similar to that seen for low-mass protostars. However, within its envelope, AFGL 2591-VLA 3 contains at least four other young stars, constituting a small cluster. Therefore it appears that AFGL 2591-VLA 3 may be able to source its accreting material from a shared gas reservoir while still exhibiting the phenomena expected during the formation of low-mass stars.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/VIII/84
- Title:
- A final non-redundant catalogue for 7C 151-MHz survey
- Short Name:
- VIII/84
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present a final unified catalogue for the 7C survey at 151 MHz with resolution 70x70cosec(dec) arcsec^2^. This has been constructed by amalgamating the existing catalogues derived from individual fields imaged at this resolution and eliminating redundancy in regions of mutual overlap. This is a non-trivial procedure because the flux in multiple-component sources may be fitted differently on alternative images, owing, for example, to differences in local noise and beam distortion. The final catalogue thus produced contains 43683 sources. Separate final catalogues have been published for the 7C Galactic Plane survey (7CG, see Cat. J/MNRAS/294/607) and the lower-resolution survey of the low-declination strip 9h<RA<16h, 20deg<Dec<35deg (Cat. J/MNRAS/282/779). The individual catalogues for about 40 of the regions contributing to the total have already been published, together with full details of the methodology, in MNRAS or A&AS: Lacy et al. 1995, MNRAS, 276, 614 (=1995MNRAS.276..614L) (#92 below) Visser et al. 1995, A&AS, 110, 419 (=1995A&AS..110..419V) (#93 below) Pooley et al. 1998, MNRAS, 298, 637 (=1998MNRAS.298..637P) (#94-96 below) Riley et al. 1999, MNRAS, 306, 31 (=1999MNRAS.306...31R) (# 1-33 below) and these data are also available via the MRAO website at http://www.mrao.cam.ac.uk/surveys/7C/ Individual catalogues for the remaining 58 regions by Riley et al. (#34-91 below) were released electronically via the MRAO website in November 2001. These include a re-analysis of data originally published in rather a different parametrization by McGilchrist et al. 1990, MNRAS, 246, 110 (=1990MNRAS.246..110M) The regions re-analyzed are those numbered #41,44,59,60,62 and 63 below and they supersede McGilchrist's 1990 publication. The RAxDec coverage, average rms noise, flux density of the faintest source listed and completeness limit for each of the individual regions contributing to the final catalogue are given in the table "regions.dat". 1-sigma errors on the listed source positions may be approximated by: RA..error(arcsec) = SQRT(1.0**2 + (32/SNR)**2) Dec.error(arcsec) = Kcosec(dec) x (RA error) where (approx) K= 1.0 around dec 70, increasing to 1.3 below dec 50, and 1-sigma errors on the listed flux densities may be approximated by: Error on S beam-fitted(Jy) = SQRT(0.03**2 + SNR**-2) x S(Jy) Error on SINT(Jy) = 1.5 x SQRT(0.03**2 + SNR**-2) x SINT(Jy) where SNR, S and SINT correspond to the columns denoted by those names in the byte-by-byte description below. For multi-component sources the SNR for the brightest component is used to estimate the SINT error. For further details of the surveys and data analysis procedures please refer to the published papers referenced at the head of this file and references therein.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/630/A56
- Title:
- A gamma-ray emission zone in 3C 279
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/630/A56
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We investigate the relationship between the variable gamma-ray emission and jet properties in the blazar 3C 279, by combining the Fermi/LAT data spanning a period of eight years with concurrent radio measurements made at multiple epochs with VLBA at 15 and 43 GHz within the MOJAVE and VLBA-BU monitoring programs. The aim of this paper is to compare the flux variability of the different components found in the VLBA observations, to the variability in the gamma-rays. This analysis helps to investigate whether any of the jet components can be associated with the gamma-ray variability. Through Spearman rank correlation we found that the gamma-ray variability is correlated with a particular region (feature B, in the MOJAVE images) downstream from the observed base (core) of the jet. This jet component is therefore a likely location at which an important fraction of the variable gamma-ray emission is produced. We also calculated the average proper motion of the component with respect to the VLBA core and found that it moves at an apparent superluminal velocity of (3.70+/-0.35)c, implying that one of the gamma-ray emission zones is not stationary. This jet component is also found between 6.86mas and 8.68mas, which translates to a distance from the radio core of at least 42pc.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/234/33
- Title:
- A GBT survey of large Galactic HII regions
- Short Name:
- J/ApJS/234/33
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- As part of our ongoing HII Region Discovery Survey (HRDS), we report the Green Bank Telescope detection of 148 new angularly large Galactic HII regions in radio recombination line (RRL) emission. Our targets are located at a declination of {delta}>-45{deg}, which corresponds to 266{deg}>l>-20{deg} at b=0{deg}. All sources were selected from the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer Catalog of Galactic HII Regions, and have infrared angular diameters >=260". The Galactic distribution of these "large" HII regions is similar to that of the previously known sample of Galactic HII regions. The large HII region RRL line width and peak line intensity distributions are skewed toward lower values, compared with that of previous HRDS surveys. We discover seven sources with extremely narrow RRLs <10km/s. If half the line width is due to turbulence, these seven sources have thermal plasma temperatures <1100K. These temperatures are lower than any measured for Galactic HII regions, and the narrow-line components may arise instead from partially ionized zones in the HII region photodissociation regions. We discover G039.515+00.511, one of the most luminous HII regions in the Galaxy. We also detect the RRL emission from three HII regions with diameters >100pc, making them some of the physically largest known HII regions in the Galaxy. This survey completes the HRDS HII region census in the Northern sky, where we have discovered 887 HII regions and more than doubled the size of the previously known census of Galactic HII regions.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/415/1883
- Title:
- AGES HI sources in NGC 7448
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/415/1883
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- In this paper we describe results from the Arecibo Galaxy Environments Survey (AGES). The survey reaches column densities of ~3x10^18^cm^-2^ and masses of ~10^7^M_{sun}_, over individual regions of order 10deg^2^ in size, out to a maximum velocity of 18000km/s. Each surveyed region is centred on a nearby galaxy, group or cluster, in this instance the NGC 7448 group. Galaxy interactions in the NGC 7448 group reveal themselves through the identification of tidal tails and bridges. We find ~2.5 times more atomic gas in the intergalactic medium than in the group galaxies. We identify five new dwarf galaxies, two of which appear to be members of the NGC 7448 group. This is too small, by roughly an order of magnitude, a number of dwarf galaxies to reconcile observation with theoretical predictions of galaxy formation models. If they had observed this region of the sky in previous wide-area blind HI surveys, HIPASS and ALFALFA, they would have detected only 5 and 43 per cent, respectively, of the galaxies we have detected, missing a large fraction of the atomic gas in this volume.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/241/18
- Title:
- A 6.7GHz methanol maser survey. II. |b|<2{deg}
- Short Name:
- J/ApJS/241/18
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We report the results of our systematic survey for Galactic 6.7GHz Class II CH_3_OH maser emission toward a sample of young stellar objects. The survey was conducted with the Shanghai Tianma Radio Telescope (TMRT). The sample consists of 3348 sources selected from the all-sky Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) point-source catalog. We discussed the selection criteria in detail and the detection results of those at high Galactic latitudes (i.e., |b|>2{deg}) in a previous paper (Paper I; Yang+ 2017, J/ApJ/846/160). Here, we present the results from the survey of those at low Galactic latitudes, i.e., |b|<2{deg}. Of 1875 selected WISE point sources, 291 positions that were actually associated with 224 sources that were detected with CH_3_OH maser emission. Among them, 32 are newly detected. A majority of the newly detected sources are associated with bright WISE sources. The majority of the detected sources (209/224=93.3%) are quite close to the Galactic Plane (|b|<1{deg}) and lie on the inner spiral arms with positive local standard of rest velocities. The detection rate and the color-color distribution of our detection are all matched with our anticipation. Combining with detections from previous surveys, we compile a catalog of 1085 sources with 6.7GHz CH_3_OH maser emission in our Galaxy.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/248/3
- Title:
- A 4-6GHz RRL survey in the Milky Way
- Short Name:
- J/ApJS/248/3
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We performed a radio recombination line (RRL) survey to construct a high-mass star-forming region (HMSFR) sample in the Milky Way based on the all-sky Wide-Field Infrared Survey Explorer point-source catalog. The survey was observed with the Shanghai 65m Tianma radio telescope covering 10 hydrogen RRL transitions ranging from H98{alpha} to H113{alpha} (corresponding to the rest frequencies of 4.5-6.9GHz) simultaneously. Out of 3348 selected targets, we identified an HMSFR sample consisting of 517 sources traced by RRLs; a large fraction of this sample (486) is located near the Galactic Plane (|b|<2{deg}). In addition to the hydrogen RRLs, we also detected helium and carbon RRLs toward 49 and 23 sources, respectively. We crossmatch the RRL detections with the 6.7 methanol maser sources built up in previous works for the same target sample. As a result, 103 HMSFR sources were found to harbor both emissions. In this paper, we present the HMSFR catalog accompanied by the measured RRL line properties and a correlation with our methanol maser sample, which is believed to trace massive stars at earlier stages. The construction of an HMSFR sample consisting of sources in various evolutionary stages indicated by different tracers is fundamental for future studies of high-mass star formation in such regions.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AZh/72/22
- Title:
- A 95 GHz Survey of Methanol Masers
- Short Name:
- J/AZh/72/22
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- A 95GHz survey of methanol emission in the 8_0_-7_1_A^+^ transition was conducted with the 20-m radio telescope at Onsala. Twenty-six new sources were detected in the emission line. At least nine out of the 35 studied sources are masers.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+AS/65/267
- Title:
- A 5-GHz Survey of Radio Sources
- Short Name:
- J/A+AS/65/267
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The results of a sensitive radio survey of about 0.04 sr of extragalactic sky in a narrow strip about declination = +33 deg are reported. The measurements were made with the NRAO 91-meter Green Bank telescope at a frequency of 4760 MHz. A catalogue of the 882 sources detected above a flux density of 15 mJy is given. The area surveyed is part of that covered earlier by the NRAO 5-GHz Survey of Faint Sources, Davis (1971). The results will allow an unbiased study of the variability characteristics of sources common to both surveys.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/91/347
- Title:
- A 5-GHz VLA Survey of the Galactic Plane
- Short Name:
- J/ApJS/91/347
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We have used the VLA to survey the inner Galaxy (|b|<0.4{deg}, l=350-40{deg}) at 5GHz to a limiting sensitivity of between 2.5 and 10mJy. The survey has resulted in a catalog of 1272 discrete sources (including 100 sources outside the formal survey area) of which we have tentatively identified ~450 as ultracompact H II regions and ~45 as planetary nebulae. Approximately 30% of the radio sources are detected in the IRAS Point Source Catalog. The results confirm a scale height of only 30pc for ultracompact H II regions. We show that source lists generated from the IRAS Point Source Catalog alone suffer serious effects; the combination of the IRAS and radio surveys allows us to produce a much more complete census of the regions of massive star formation in our Galaxy.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/405/2062
- Title:
- AGN candidates from 2MASS/ROSAT catalogs
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/405/2062
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We report on the near-infrared-selected active galactic nuclei (AGN) candidates extracted from Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS)/ROSAT catalogues and discuss their properties. First, near-infrared counterparts of an X-ray source in ROSAT catalogues [namely bright source catalogue (BSC, Cat. IX/10) and faint source catalogue (FSC, Cat. IX/29)] were extracted by positional cross-identification of <=30arcsec. As these counterparts would contain many mis-identifications, we further imposed near-infrared colour selection criteria and extracted reliable AGN candidates (BSC: 5273, FSC: 10071). Of the 5273 (10071) candidates in the BSC (FSC), 2053 (1008) are known AGNs. Near-infrared and X-ray properties of candidates show similar properties with known AGNs and are consistent with the previous studies. We also searched for counterparts in other wavelengths (i.e. optical, near-infrared and radio) and investigated properties in multiwavelength. No significant difference between known AGNs and unclassified sources could be seen. However, some unclassified sources in the FSC showed slightly different properties compared with known AGNs. Consequently, it is highly probable that we could extract reliable AGN candidates, though candidates in the FSC might be spurious.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/535/A69
- Title:
- AGN Fermi/LAT {gamma}-ray and 37GHz fluxes
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/535/A69
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Although the Fermi mission has increased our knowledge of {gamma}-ray AGN, many questions remain, such as the site of {gamma}-ray production, the emission mechanism, and the factors that govern the strength of the emission. Using data from a high radio band, 37GHz, uncontaminated by other radiation components besides the jet emission, we study these questions with averaged flux densities over the the first year of Fermi operations. We look for possible correlations between the 100MeV-100GeV band used by the Fermi satellite and 37GHz radio band observed at the Aalto University Metsahovi Radio Telescope, as well as for differences between the {gamma}-ray emission of different AGN subsamples. We use data averaged over the 1FGL period. Our sample includes 249 northern AGN, including a complete sample of 68 northern AGN with a measured average flux density exceeding 1Jy.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/578/A67
- Title:
- AGN in IFRS. VLBA observations
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/578/A67
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Infrared-faint radio sources (IFRS) form a new class of galaxies characterised by radio flux densities between tenths and tens of mJy and faint or absent infrared counterparts. It has been suggested that these objects are radio-loud active galactic nuclei (AGNs) at significant redshifts (z>2). Whereas the high redshifts of IFRS have been recently confirmed based on spectroscopic data, the evidence for the presence of AGNs in IFRS is mainly indirect. So far, only two AGNs have been unquestionably confirmed in IFRS based on very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) observations. In this work, we test the hypothesis that IFRS contain AGNs in a large sample of sources using VLBI. We observed 57 IFRS with the Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) down to a detection sensitivity in the sub-mJy regime and detected compact cores in 35 sources. Our VLBA detections increase the number of VLBI-detected IFRS from 2 to 37 and provide strong evidence that most - if not all - IFRS contain AGNs. We find that IFRS have a marginally higher VLBI detection fraction than randomly selected sources with mJy flux densities at arcsec-scales. Moreover, our data provide a positive correlation between compactness - defined as the ratio of milliarcsec- to arcsec-scale flux density - and redshift for IFRS, but suggest a decreasing mean compactness with increasing arcsec-scale radio flux density. Based on these findings, we suggest that IFRS tend to contain young AGNs whose jets have not formed yet or have not expanded, equivalent to very compact objects. We found two IFRS that are resolved into two components. The two components are spatially separated by a few hundred milliarcseconds in both cases. They might be components of one AGN, a binary black hole, or the result of gravitational lensing.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/130/1418
- Title:
- AGN jet kinematics
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/130/1418
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present total and polarized intensity images of 15 active galactic nuclei obtained with the Very Long Baseline Array at 7mm (43GHz) wavelength at 17 epochs from 1998 March to 2001 April. At some epochs the images are accompanied by nearly simultaneous polarization measurements at 3mm (86GHz) with the Berkeley-Illinois-Maryland Association (BIMA) array (Hat Creek, California), 1.35/0.85mm (230/350GHz) with the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT; using SCUBA and its polarimeter, and at the Steward Observatory 1.5m telescope (Mount Lemmon, Arizona) with the Two-Holer Polarimeter/Photometer over an effective wavelength range of ~6000-7000{AA}. Here we analyze the 7mm images to define the properties of the jets of two radio galaxies, five BL Lac objects, and eight quasars on angular scales >~0.1mas. We determine the apparent velocities of 106 features in the jets.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AZh/93/605
- Title:
- AGN long-term variability
- Short Name:
- J/AZh/93/605
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Abstract-A complete sample of 104 bright active galactic nuclei (AGNs) from the "Planck" catalog (early results) were observed at 36.8GHz with the 22-m radio telescope of the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory (CrAO).Variability indices of the sources at this frequency were determined based on data from theWMAP space observatory, theMetsahovi RadioObservatory (Finland), and the CrimeanAstrophysical Observatory. New observational results confirm that the variability of these AGNs is stronger in the millimeter than at other radio wavelengths. The variability indices probably change as a result of the systematic decrease in the AGN flux densities in the transition to the infrared. Some radio sources demonstrate significant flux-density variations, including decreases, which sometimes cause them to fall out of the analysed sample. The change of the variability index in the millimeter is consistent with the suggestion that this variability is due to intrinsic processes in binary supermassive black holes at an evolutionary stage close to coalescence. All 104 of the sources studied are well known objects that are included in various radio catalogs and have flux densities exceeding 1Jy at 36.8GHz.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/other/APh/26.282
- Title:
- AGN neutrino source candidates
- Short Name:
- J/other/APh/26.2
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The sensitivity of a search for sources of TeV neutrinos can be improved by grouping potential sources together into generic classes in a procedure that is known as source stacking. In this paper, we define catalogs of Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) and use them to perform a source stacking analysis. The grouping of AGN into classes is done in two steps: first, AGN classes are defined, then, sources to be stacked are selected assuming that a potential neutrino flux is linearly correlated with the photon luminosity in a certain energy band (radio, IR, optical, keV, GeV, TeV). Lacking any secure detailed knowledge on neutrino production in AGN, this correlation is motivated by hadronic AGN models, as briefly reviewed in this paper. The source stacking search for neutrinos from generic AGN classes is illustrated using the data collected by the AMANDA-II high-energy neutrino detector during the year 2000. No significant excess for any of the suggested groups was found.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/525/A138
- Title:
- All-sky Galactic radiation at 45MHz
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/525/A138
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We study the Galactic large-scale synchrotron emission by generating a reliable all-sky spectral index map and temperature map at 45MHz.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/171/61
- Title:
- All-Sky Survey of Flat-Spectrum Radio Sources
- Short Name:
- J/ApJS/171/61
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We have assembled an 8.4GHz survey of bright, flat-spectrum ({alpha}>-0.5) radio sources with nearly uniform extragalactic (|b|>10{deg}) coverage for sources brighter than S_4.8GHz_=65mJy. The catalog is assembled from existing observations (especially CLASS and the Wright et al., Cat VIII/38, PMN-CA survey), augmented by reprocessing of archival VLA and ATCA data and by new observations to fill in coverage gaps. We refer to this program as CRATES, the Combined Radio All-Sky Targeted Eight GHz Survey. The resulting catalog provides precise positions, subarcsecond structures, and spectral indices for some 11000 sources. We describe the morphology and spectral index distribution of the sample and comment on the survey's power to select several classes of interesting sources, especially high-energy blazars. Comparison of CRATES with other high-frequency surveys also provides unique opportunities for identification of high-power radio sources.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/473/4937
- Title:
- AllWISE ctp to ROSAT/2RXS & XMMSLEW2 catalogs
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/473/4937
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We release the AllWISE counterparts and Gaia matches to 106573 and 17665 X-ray sources detected in the ROSAT 2RXS and XMMSL2 surveys with |b|>15{deg}. These are the brightest X-ray sources in the sky, but their position uncertainties and the sparse multi-wavelength coverage until now rendered the identification of their counterparts a demanding task with uncertain results. New all-sky multi-wavelength surveys of sufficient depth, like AllWISE and Gaia, and a new Bayesian statistics based algorithm, NWAY, allow us, for the first time, to provide reliable counterpart associations. NWAY extends previous distance and sky density based association methods and, using one or more priors (e.g. colours, magnitudes), weights the probability that sources from two or more catalogues are simultaneously associated on the basis of their observable characteristics. Here, counterparts have been determined using a Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) colour-magnitude prior. A reference sample of 4524 XMM/Chandra and Swift X-ray sources demonstrates a reliability of 94.7 per cent (2RXS) and 97.4 per cent (XMMSL2). Combining our results with Chandra-COSMOS data, we propose a new separation between stars and AGN in the X-ray/WISE flux-magnitude plane, valid over six orders of magnitude. We also release the NWAY code and its user manual. NWAY was extensively tested with XMM-COSMOS data. Using two different sets of priors, we find an agreement of 96 per cent and 99 per cent with published Likelihood Ratio methods. Our results were achieved faster and without any follow-up visual inspection. With the advent of deep and wide area surveys in X-rays (e.g. SRG/eROSITA, Athena/WFI) and radio (ASKAP/EMU, LOFAR, APERTIF, etc.) NWAY will provide a powerful and reliable counterpart identification tool. See for all the options the Nway manual at https://github.com/JohannesBuchner/nway/raw/master/doc/nway-manual.pdf
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/832/187
- Title:
- ALMA and VLA radio continuum obs. of NGC 6334I
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/832/187
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present Very Large Array and Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array imaging of the deeply embedded protostellar cluster NGC 6334I from 5cm to 1.3mm at angular resolutions as fine as 0.17" (220au). The dominant hot core MM1 is resolved into seven components at 1.3mm, clustered within a radius of 1000au. Four of the components have brightness temperatures >200K, radii ~300au, minimum luminosities ~10^4^L_{sun}_, and must be centrally heated. We term this new phenomenon a "hot multi-core." Two of these objects also exhibit compact free-free emission at longer wavelengths, consistent with a hypercompact HII region (MM1B) and a jet (MM1D). The spatial kinematics of the water maser emission centered on MM1D are consistent with it being the origin of the high-velocity bipolar molecular outflow seen in CO. The close proximity of MM1B and MM1D (440au) suggests a proto-binary or a transient bound system. Several components of MM1 exhibit steep millimeter spectral energy distributions indicative of either unusual dust spectral properties or time variability. In addition to resolving MM1 and the other hot core (MM2) into multiple components, we detect five new millimeter and two new centimeter sources. Water masers are detected for the first time toward MM4A, confirming its membership in the protocluster. With a 1.3mm brightness temperature of 97K coupled with a lack of thermal molecular line emission, MM4A appears to be a highly optically thick 240L_{sun}_ dust core, possibly tracing a transient stage of massive protostellar evolution. The nature of the strongest water maser source CM2 remains unclear due to its combination of non-thermal radio continuum and lack of dust emission.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/626/A36
- Title:
- ALMA continuum fits files of G9.62+0.19
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/626/A36
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We used Band 7 ALMA observations in full polarisation mode to analyse the polarised dust emission of the massive star forming region G9.62+0.19. We estimated the magnetic field strength via the Davis-Chandrasekhar-Fermi and structure function methods. We resolve several protostellar cores embedded in a bright and dusty filamentary structure. The magnetic field is orientated along the filament and appears perpendicular to the direction of the outflows. The polarisation vectors present ordered patterns and the cores showing polarised emission are less fragmented. We suggest an evolutionary sequence of the magnetic field, and the less evolved hot core exhibits a stronger magnetic field than the more evolved hot core. An average magnetic field strength of the order of 11mG was derived, from which we obtain a low turbulent-to-magnetic energy ratio, indicating that turbulence does not significantly contribute to the stability of the clump. We report a detection of linear polarisation from thermal line emission, probably from methanol or carbon dioxide, and we tentatively compared linear polarisation vectors from our observations with previous linearly polarised OH masers observations.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/630/A59
- Title:
- ALMA continuum-subtracted datacubes for 48 QSOs
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/630/A59
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present the stacking analysis of a sample of 48 quasi-stellar objects (QSOs) at 4.5<z<7.1 detected by the Atacama Large Millimetre Array (ALMA) in the [CII] {lambda}158um emission line to investigate the presence and the properties of massive, cold outflows associated with broad wings in the [CII] profile. The high sensitivity reached through this analysis allows us to reveal very broad [CII] wings tracing the presence of outflows with velocities in excess of 1000km/s. We find that the luminosity of the broad [CII] emission increases with LAGN, while it does not significantly depend on the star formation rate of the host galaxy, indicating that the central active galactic nucleus (AGN) is the main driving mechanism of the [CII] outflows in these powerful, distant QSOs. From the stack of the ALMA cubes, we derive an average outflow spatial extent of ~3.5kpc. The average atomic neutral mass outflow rate inferred from the stack of the whole sample is dM_out_/dt~100M_{sun}_/yr, while for the most luminous systems it increases to ~200M_{sun}_/yr. The associated outflow kinetic power is about 0.1% of L_AGN_, while the outflow momentum rate is ~L_AGN_/c or lower, suggesting that these outflows are either driven by radiation pressure onto dusty clouds or, alternatively, are driven by the nuclear wind and energy conserving but with low coupling with the interstellar medium. We discuss the implications of the resulting feedback effect on galaxy evolution in the early Universe.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/774/73
- Title:
- ALMA CO observations of 30 Dor
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/774/73
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present Atacama Large (sub)Millimeter Array observations of 30 Doradus - the highest resolution view of molecular gas in an extragalactic star formation region to date (~0.4pcx0.6pc). The 30Dor-10 cloud north of R136 was mapped in ^12^CO 2-1, ^13^CO 2-1, C^18^O 2-1, 1.3mm continuum, the H30{alpha} recombination line, and two H_2_CO 3-2 transitions. Most ^12^CO emission is associated with small filaments and clumps (<~1pc, ~10^3^M_{sun}_ at the current resolution). Some clumps are associated with protostars, including "pillars of creation" photoablated by intense radiation from R136. Emission from molecular clouds is often analyzed by decomposition into approximately beam-sized clumps. Such clumps in 30 Doradus follow similar trends in size, linewidth, and surface density to Milky Way clumps. The 30 Doradus clumps have somewhat larger linewidths for a given size than predicted by Larson's scaling relation, consistent with pressure confinement. They extend to a higher surface density at a given size and linewidth compared to clouds studied at 10 pc resolution. These trends are also true of clumps in Galactic infrared-dark clouds; higher resolution observations of both environments are required. Consistency of clump masses calculated from dust continuum, CO, and the virial theorem reveals that the CO abundance in 30 Doradus clumps is not significantly different from the Large Magellanic Cloud mean, but the dust abundance may be reduced by ~2. There are no strong trends in clump properties with distance from R136; dense clumps are not strongly affected by the external radiation field, but there is a modest trend toward lower dense clump filling fraction deeper in the cloud.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/623/A153
- Title:
- ALMA data cubes for HD 101584
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/623/A153
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- There is growing evidence that red giant evolution is often affected by an interplay with a nearby companion, in some cases taking the form of a common-envelope evolution. We have performed a study of the characteristics of the circumstellar environment of the binary object HD ,101584, that provides information on a likely evolutionary scenario. We have obtained and analyzed ALMA observations, complemented with observations using APEX, of a large number of molecular lines. An analysis of the spectral energy distribution has also been performed. Emissions from 12 molecular species (not counting isotopologues) have been observed, and most of them mapped with angular resolutions in the range 0.1" to 0.6". Four circumstellar components are identified: i) a central compact source of size ~=0.15", ii) an expanding equatorial density enhancement (a flattened density distribution in the plane of the orbit) of size ~=3", iii) a bipolar high-velocity outflow (~=150km/s), and iv) an hourglass structure. The outflow is directed almost along the line of sight. There is evidence of a second bipolar outflow. The mass of the circumstellar gas is ~=0.5[D/1kpc]^2^M_{sun}_, about half of it lies in the equatorial density enhancement. The dust mass is ~=0.01[D/1kpc]^2^M_{sun}_, and a substantial fraction of this is in the form of large-sized, up to 1mm, grains. The estimated kinetic age of the outflow is ~=770[D/1kpc]yr. The kinetic energy and the scalar momentum of the accelerated gas are estimated to be 7x10^45^[D/1kpc]^2^erg and 10^39^[D/1kpc]^2^g.cm/s, respectively. We provide good evidence that the binary system HD 101584 is in a post-common-envelope-evolution phase, that ended before a stellar merger. Isotope ratios combined with stellar mass estimates suggest that the primary star's evolution was terminated already on the first red giant branch (RGB). Most of the energy required to drive the outflowing gas was probably released when material fell towards the companion.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/629/A146
- Title:
- ALMA data cubes for IRC+10216
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/629/A146
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Low-mass evolved stars are major contributors to interstellar medium enrichment as a consequence of the intense mass-loss process these stars experience at the end of their lives. The study of the gas in the envelopes surrounding asymptotic giant branch (AGB)stars through observations in the millimetre wavelength range provides information about the history and nature of these molecular factories. Here we present ALMA observations at subarsecond resolution, complemented with IRAM-30m data, of several lines of SiO, SiS, and CS towards the best-studied AGB circumstellar envelope, IRC+10 216. We aim to characterise their spatial distribution and determine their fractional abundances mainly through radiative transfer and chemical modelling. The three species display extended emission with several enhanced emission shells. CS displays the most extended distribution reaching distances up to ap-proximately 20". SiS and SiO emission have similar sizes of approximately 11", but SiS emission is slightly more compact. We have estimated fractional abundances relative to H_2_, which on average are equal to f(SiO)~10^-7^, f(SiS)~10^-6^, and f(CS)~10^-^6 up to the photo-dissociation region. The observations and analysis presented here show evidence that the circumstellar material displays clear deviations from an homogeneous spherical wind, with clumps and low density shells that may allow UV photons from the interstellar medium (ISM) to penetrate deep into the envelope, shifting the photo-dissociation radius inwards. Our chemical model predicts photo-dissociation radii compatible with those derived from the observations, although it is unable to predict abundance variations from the starting radius of the calculations (~10R_{sun}_), which may reflect the simplicity of the model. We conclude that the spatial distribution of the gas proves the episodic and variable nature of the mass loss mechanism of IRC+10 216, on timescales of hundreds of years
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/605/A116
- Title:
- ALMA FITS cubes of CO(1-0) and CO(2-1)
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/605/A116
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Our goal is to characterize the intermediate age, detached shell carbon star U Antliae morphologically and physically in order to study the mass-loss evolution after a possible thermal pulse. High spatial resolution ALMA observations of unprecedented quality in thermal CO lines allow us to derive first critical spatial and temporal scales and constrain modeling effects to estimate mass-loss rates for both the present day as well as the ejection period of the detached shell. The detached shell is remarkably thin, overall spherically symmetric, and shows a barely resolved filamentary substructure possibly caused by instabilities in the interaction zone of winds with different outflow velocities. The expansion age of the detached shell is of the order of 2700 years and its overall width indicates a high expansion-velocity and high mass-loss period of only a few hundred years at an average mass-loss rate of ~10^-5^M_{sun}_/yr. The post-high-mass-loss-rate-epoch evolution of U Ant shows a significant decline to a substantially lower gas expansion velocity and a mass-loss rate amounting to 4x10^-8^M_{sun}_/yr, at present being consistent with evolutionary changes as predicted for the period between thermal pulses.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/597/A41
- Title:
- ALMA Frontier Fields Survey. I.
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/597/A41
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Dusty star-forming galaxies are among the most prodigious systems at high redshift (z>1), characterized by high star-formation rates and huge dust reservoirs. The bright end of this population has been well characterized in recent years, but considerable uncertainties remain for fainter dusty star-forming galaxies, which are responsible for the bulk of star formation at high redshift and thus play a key role in galaxy growth and evolution. In this first paper of our series, we describe our methods for finding high redshift faint dusty galaxies using millimeter observations with ALMA. We obtained ALMA 1.1mm mosaic images for three strong-lensing galaxy clusters from the Frontier Fields Survey, which constitute some of the best studied gravitational lenses to date. The ~2'x2' mosaics overlap with the deep HST WFC3/IR footprints and encompass the high magnification regions of each cluster for maximum intrinsic source sensitivity. The combination of extremely high ALMA sensitivity and the magnification power of these clusters allows us to systematically probe the sub-mJy population of dusty star-forming galaxies over a large surveyed area. We present a description of the reduction and analysis of the ALMA continuum observations for the galaxy clusters Abell 2744 (z=0.308), MACS J0416.1-2403 (z=0.396) and MACS J1149.5+2223 (z=0.543), for which we reach observed rms sensitivities of 55, 59 and 71uJy/beam respectively. We detect 12 dusty star-forming galaxies at S/N>=5.0 across the three clusters, all of them presenting coincidence with near-infrared detected counterparts in the HST images. None of the sources fall close to the lensing caustics, thus they are not strongly lensed. The observed 1.1mm flux densities for the total sample of galaxies range from 0.41 to 2.82mJy, with observed effective radii spanning <~0.05" to 0.37"+/-0.21". The lensing-corrected sizes of the detected sources appear to be in the same range as those measured in brighter samples, albeit with possibly larger dispersion.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/633/A160
- Title:
- ALMA Frontier Fields Survey. V.
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/633/A160
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The Hubble Frontier Fields offer an exceptionally deep window into the high-redshift universe, covering a substantially larger area than the Hubble Ultra-Deep field at low magnification and probing 1-2mags deeper in exceptional high-magnification regions. This unique parameter space, coupled with the exceptional multi-wavelength ancillary data, can facilitate for useful insights into distant galaxy populations. We aim to leverage Atacama Large Millimetre Array (ALMA) band 6 (~263GHz) mosaics in the central portions of five Frontier Fields to characterize the infrared (IR) properties of 1582 ultraviolet (UV)-selected Lyman-Break Galaxies (LBGs) at redshifts of z~2-8. We investigated individual and stacked fluxes and IR excess (IRX) values of the LBG sample as functions of stellar mass (M_star), redshift, UV luminosity and slope {beta}, and lensing magnification. LBG samples were derived from color-selection and photometric redshift estimation with Hubble Space Telescope photometry. Spectral energy distributions (SED)-templates were fit to obtain luminosities, stellar masses, and star formation rates for the LBG candidates. We obtained individual IR flux and IRX estimates, as well as stacked averages, using both ALMA images and u-v visibilities. Two (2) LBG candidates were individually detected above a significance of 4.1-sigma, while stacked samples of the remaining LBG candidates yielded no significant detections. We investigated our detections and upper limits in the context of the IRX-M_star and IRX-{beta} relations, probing at least one dex lower in stellar mass than past studies have done. Our upper limits exclude substantial portions of parameter space and they are sufficiently deep in a handful of cases to create mild tension with the typically assumed attenuation and consensus relations. We observe a clear and smooth trend between M* and {beta}, which extends to low masses and blue (low) {beta} values, consistent with expectations from previous works.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/641/A97
- Title:
- ALMA Magellanic Bridge A molecular clouds
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/641/A97
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The Magellanic Bridge is a tidal feature located between both Magellanic Clouds, containing young stars formed in situ. Its proximity allows high-resolution studies of molecular gas, dust and star formation in a tidal, low metallicity environment. Our goal is to characterize gas and dust emission in Magellanic Bridge A, the source with the highest 870um excess of emission found in single dish surveys. Using the ALMA telescope including the Morita Array, we mapped with sub-parsec resolution a 3arcmin, field of view centered on the Magellanic Bridge A molecular cloud, in 1.3mm continuum emission and ^12^CO(2-1 line emission. This region was also mapped in continuum at 870um and in ^12^CO(2-1) line emission at ~6pc resolution with the APEX telescope. To study its dust properties, we also use archival Herschel and Spitzer data. We combine the ALMA and APEX ^12^CO(2-1) line cubes to study the molecular gas emission. Magallanic Bridge A breaks up into two distinct molecular clouds in dust and ^12^CO(2-1) emission, which we call North and South. Dust emission in the North source, according to our best parameters from fitting the far-infrared fluxes, is ~3K colder than in the South source in correspondence to its less developed star formation. Both dust sources present large submillimeter excesses in LABOCA data: according to our best fits the excess over the modified blackbody (MBB) fit to the Spitzer/Herschel continuum is E(870um)~7 and E(870um)~3 for the North and South sources respectively. Nonetheless, we do not detect the corresponding 1.3mm continuum with ALMA. Our limits are compatible with the extrapolation of the MBB fits and therefore we cannot independently confirm the excess at this longer wavelength. The ^12^CO(2-1) emission is concentrated in two parsec-sized clouds with virial masses around 400 and 700M_{sun}_ each. Their bulk volume densities are n(H_2_)~0.7-2.6x10^3^cm^-3^, larger than typical bulk densities of Galactic molecular clouds. The ^12^CO luminosity to H_2_ mass conversion factor {alpha}_CO_ is 6.5 and 15.3M_{sun}_/(K.(km/s)pc^2^) for the North and South clouds, calculated using their respective virial masses and ^12^CO(2-1) luminosities. Gas mass estimates from our MBB fits to dust emission yields masses M~1.3x10^3^M_{sun}_ and 2.9x10^3^M_{sun}_ for North and South respectively, a factor of ~4 larger than the virial masses we infer from ^12^CO.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/615/A94
- Title:
- ALMA massive protocluster gas clumps maps
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/615/A94
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Fragmentation of massive dense molecular clouds is the starting point in the formation of rich clusters and massive stars. Theory and numerical simulations indicate that the population of the fragments (number, mass, diameter, separation) resulting from the gravitational collapse of such clumps is probably regulated by the balance between the magnetic field and the other competitors of self-gravity, in particular turbulence and protostellar feedback. We have observed 11 massive, dense and young star-forming clumps with the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) in the thermal dust continuum emission at 1mm with an angular resolution of 0.25 arcseconds with the aim of determining their population of fragments.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/256/30
- Title:
- ALMA 1.33mm images of 10 FU Orionis-type stars
- Short Name:
- J/ApJS/256/30
- Date:
- 03 Mar 2022
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The FU Orionis-type objects (FUors) are low-mass pre-main-sequence stars undergoing a temporary but significant increase of mass accretion rate from the circumstellar disk onto the protostar. It is not yet clear what triggers the accretion bursts and whether the disks of FUors are in any way different from the disks of nonbursting young stellar objects. Motivated by this, we conducted a 1.3mm continuum survey of 10 FUors and FUor-like objects with ALMA, using both the 7m array and the 12m array in two different configurations to recover emission at the widest possible range of spatial scales. We detected all targeted sources and several nearby objects as well. To constrain the disk structure, we fit the data with models of increasing complexity from 2D Gaussian to radiative transfer, enabling comparison with other samples modeled in a similar way. The radiative transfer modeling gives disk masses that are significantly larger than what is obtained from the measured millimeter fluxes assuming optically thin emission, suggesting that the FUor disks are optically thick at this wavelength. In comparison with samples of regular class II and class I objects, the disks of FUors are typically a factor of 2.9-4.4 more massive and a factor of 1.5-4.7 smaller in size. A significant fraction of them (65%-70%) may be gravitationally unstable.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/871/251
- Title:
- ALMA obs. of ethyl formate toward Orion KL
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/871/251
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Orion KL is one of the prime templates of astrochemical and prebiotic chemical studies. We wish to explore more organic molecules with increasing complexity in this region. In particular, we have searched for one of the most complex organic molecules detected in space so far, ethyl formate (C_2_H_5_OCHO). This species is the next step in chemical complexity after the simplest member of esters (methyl formate, CH_3_OCHO). The mechanisms leading to its formation are still poorly known. We have used high angular resolution (~1.5") ALMA observations covering a large bandwidth from 214 to 247GHz. We have detected 82 unblended lines of C_2_H_5_OCHO (49 and 33 of the trans- and gauche- conformers, respectively). The line images showed that C2H5OCHO arises mainly from the compact ridge and the hot core-southwest regions. The derived rotational temperatures and column densities are 122+/-34K, (0.9+/-0.3)x10^16^cm^-2^ for the hot core-SW, and 103+/-13K, (0.6+/-0.3)x10^16^cm^-2^ for the compact ridge. The comparison of spatial distribution and abundance ratios with chemically related molecules (methyl formate, ethanol, and formic acid) indicates that C_2_H_5_OCHO is likely formed on the surface of dust grains by addition of CH_3_ to functional-group radicals (CH_2_OCHO) derived from methyl formate (CH_3_OCHO).
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/883/129
- Title:
- ALMA obs. of star-forming regions toward NGC6334I
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/883/129
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The relative column densities of the structural isomers methyl formate, glycolaldehyde, and acetic acid are derived for a dozen positions toward the massive star-forming regions MM1 and MM2 in the NGC 6334I complex, which are separated by ~4000au. Relative column densities of these molecules are also gathered from the literature for 13 other star-forming regions. In this combined data set, a clear bimodal distribution is observed in the relative column densities of glycolaldehyde and methyl formate. No such distribution is evident with acetic acid. The two trends are comprised of star-forming regions with a variety of masses, suggesting that there must be some other common parameter that is heavily impacting the formation of glycolaldehyde. This is indicative of some demonstrable differentiation in these cores; studying the abundances of these isomers may provide a clue as to the integral chemical processes ongoing in a variety of protostellar environments.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/839/58
- Title:
- ALMA submm galaxies multi-wavelength data
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/839/58
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present a multi-wavelength analysis of 52 submillimeter galaxies (SMGs), identified using ALMA 870{mu}m continuum imaging in a pilot program to precisely locate bright SCUBA-2-selected submillimeter sources in the UKIDSS Ultra Deep Survey (UDS) field. Using the available deep (especially near-infrared) panoramic imaging of the UDS field at optical-to-radio wavelengths we characterize key properties of the SMG population. The median photometric redshift of the bright ALMA/SCUBA-2 UDS (AS2UDS) SMGs that are detected in a sufficient number of wavebands to derive a robust photometric redshift is z=2.65+/-0.13. However, similar to previous studies, 27% of the SMGs are too faint at optical-to-near-infrared wavelengths to derive a reliable photometric redshift. Assuming that these SMGs lie at z>~3 raises the median redshift of the full sample to z=2.9+/-0.2. A subset of 23 unlensed, bright AS2UDS SMGs have sizes measured from resolved imaging of their rest- frame far-infrared emission. We show that the extent and luminosity of the far-infrared emission are consistent with the dust emission arising from regions that are, on average, optically thick at a wavelength of {lambda}_0_>=75{mu}m (1{sigma} dispersion of 55-90{mu}m). Using the dust masses derived from our optically thick spectral energy distribution models, we determine that these galaxies have a median hydrogen column density of N_H_=9.8_-0.7_^+1.4^x10^23^cm^-2^, or a corresponding median V-band obscuration of Av=540_-40_^+80^mag, averaged along the line of sight to the source of their rest-frame ~200{mu}m emission. We discuss the implications of this extreme attenuation by dust for the multi-wavelength study of dusty starbursts and reddening-sensitive tracers of star formation.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/828/46
- Title:
- ALMA survey of Lupus protoplanetary disks. I.
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/828/46
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present the first high-resolution sub-millimeter survey of both dust and gas for a large population of protoplanetary disks. Characterizing fundamental properties of protoplanetary disks on a statistical level is critical to understanding how disks evolve into the diverse exoplanet population. We use the Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array (ALMA) to survey 89 protoplanetary disks around stars with M*>0.1M_{sun}_ in the young (1-3Myr), nearby (150-200pc) Lupus complex. Our observations cover the 890{mu}m continuum and the ^13^CO and C^18^O 3-2 lines. We use the sub-millimeter continuum to constrain M_dust_ to a few Martian masses (0.2-0.4M_{Earth}_) and the CO isotopologue lines to constrain M_gas_ to roughly a Jupiter mass (assuming an interstellar medium (ISM)-like [CO]/[H_2_] abundance). Of 89 sources, we detect 62 in continuum, 36 in ^13^CO, and 11 in C^18^O at >3{sigma} significance. Stacking individually undetected sources limits their average dust mass to <~6 Lunar masses (0.03M_{Earth}_), indicating rapid evolution once disk clearing begins. We find a positive correlation between M_dust_ and M*, and present the first evidence for a positive correlation between M_gas_ and M*, which may explain the dependence of giant planet frequency on host star mass. The mean dust mass in Lupus is 3x higher than in Upper Sco, while the dust mass distributions in Lupus and Taurus are statistically indistinguishable. Most detected disks have M_gas_<~1M_Jup_ and gas-to-dust ratios <100, assuming an ISM-like [CO]/[H_2_] abundance; unless CO is very depleted, the inferred gas depletion indicates that planet formation is well underway by a few Myr and may explain the unexpected prevalence of super-Earths in the exoplanet population.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/859/21
- Title:
- ALMA survey of Lupus protoplanetary disks. II.
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/859/21
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present Atacama Large Millimeter/Sub-Millimeter Array (ALMA) Band 6 observations of a complete sample of protoplanetary disks in the young (~1-3Myr) Lupus star-forming region, covering the 1.33mm continuum and the ^12^CO, ^13^CO, and C^18^O J=2-1 lines. The spatial resolution is ~0.25" with a medium 3{sigma} continuum sensitivity of 0.30mJy, corresponding to Mdust ~0.2M_{Earth}_. We apply Keplerian masking to enhance the signal-to-noise ratios of our ^12^CO zero-moment maps, enabling measurements of gas disk radii for 22 Lupus disks; we find that gas disks are universally larger than millimeter dust disks by a factor of two on average, likely due to a combination of the optically thick gas emission and the growth and inward drift of the dust. Using the gas disk radii, we calculate the dimensionless viscosity parameter, {alpha}_visc_, finding a broad distribution and no correlations with other disk or stellar parameters, suggesting that viscous processes have not yet established quasi-steady states in Lupus disks. By combining our 1.33mm continuum fluxes with our previous 890{mu}m continuum observations, we also calculate the millimeter spectral index, {alpha}_mm_, for 70 Lupus disks; we find an anticorrelation between {alpha}_mm_ and millimeter flux for low-mass disks (M_dust_<~5), followed by a flattening as disks approach {alpha}_mm_~2, which could indicate faster grain growth in higher-mass disks, but may also reflect their larger optically thick components. In sum, this work demonstrates the continuous stream of new insights into disk evolution and planet formation that can be gleaned from unbiased ALMA disk surveys.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/153/240
- Title:
- ALMA survey of protoplanetary disks in sigma Ori
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/153/240
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The {sigma} Orionis cluster is important for studying protoplanetary disk evolution, as its intermediate age (~3-5Myr) is comparable to the median disk lifetime. We use ALMA to conduct a high-sensitivity survey of dust and gas in 92 protoplanetary disks around {sigma} Orionis members with M_*_>~0.1M_{Sun}_. Our observations cover the 1.33mm continuum and several CO J=2-1 lines: out of 92 sources, we detect 37 in the millimeter continuum and 6 in ^12^CO, 3 in ^13^CO, and none in C^18^O. Using the continuum emission to estimate dust mass, we find only 11 disks with M_dust_>~10M_{Earth}_, indicating that after only a few Myr of evolution most disks lack sufficient dust to form giant planet cores. Stacking the individually undetected continuum sources limits their average dust mass to 5x lower than that of the faintest detected disk, supporting theoretical models that indicate rapid dissipation once disk clearing begins. Comparing the protoplanetary disk population in {sigma} Orionis to those of other star-forming regions supports the steady decline in average dust mass and the steepening of the M_dust_-M_*_ relation with age; studying these evolutionary trends can inform the relative importance of different disk processes during key eras of planet formation. External photoevaporation from the central O9 star is influencing disk evolution throughout the region: dust masses clearly decline with decreasing separation from the photoionizing source, and the handful of CO detections exist at projected separations of >1.5pc. Collectively, our findings indicate that giant planet formation is inherently rare and/or well underway by a few Myr of age.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/641/L2
- Title:
- ALMA third image of lensed quasar PKS 1830-211
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/641/L2
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Strong gravitational lensing distorts our view of sources at cosmological distances but brings invaluable constraints on the mass content of foreground objects and on the geometry and properties of the Universe. We report the detection of a third continuum source toward the strongly lensed quasar PKS 1830-211 in ALMA multi-frequency observations of high dynamic range and high angular resolution. This third source is point-like and located slightly to the north of the diagonal joining the two main lensed images, A and B, 0.3" away from image B. It has a flux density that is 140 times weaker than images A and B and a similar spectral index, compatible with synchrotron emission. We conclude that this source is most likely the expected highly de-magnified third lensed image of the quasar. In addition, we detect, for the first time at millimeter wavelengths, weak and asymmetrical extensions departing from images A and B that correspond to the brightest regions of the Einstein ring seen at centimeter wavelengths. Their spectral index is steeper than that of compact images A, B, and C, which suggests that they arise from a different component of the quasar. Using the GravLens code, we explore the implications of our findings on the lensing model and propose a simple model that accurately reproduces our ALMA data and previous VLA observations. With a more precise and accurate measurement of the time delay between images A and B, the system PKS 1830-211 could help to constrain the Hubble constant to a precision of a few percent.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/659/A20
- Title:
- 2A0335+096 LOFAR images
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/659/A20
- Date:
- 04 Mar 2022 06:16:07
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Radio observations represent a powerful probe of the physics occurring in the intracluster medium (ICM) because they trace the relativistic cosmic rays in the cluster magnetic fields, or within galaxies themselves. By probing the low-energy cosmic rays, low-frequency radio observations are especially interesting because they unveil emission powered by low-efficiency particle acceleration processes, which are believed to play a crucial role in the origin of diffuse radio emission. We investigate the origin of the radio mini-halo at the center of the galaxy cluster 2A0335+096 and its connection to the central galaxy and the sloshing cool core. We also study the properties of the head-tail galaxy GB6 B0335+096 hosted in the cluster to explore the lifecycle of the relativistic electrons in its radio tails. We use new LOw Frequency ARray (LOFAR) observations from the LOFAR Two-meter Sky Survey at 144MHz to map the low-frequency emission with a high level of detail. The new data were combined with archival Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope and Chandra observations to carry out a multi-wavelength study. We have made the first measurement of the spectral index of the mini-halo ({alpha}=-1.2+/-0.1 between 144MHz and 1.4GHz) and the lobes of the central source ({alpha}=~-1.5+/-0.1 between 144 and 610MHz). Based on the low-frequency radio emission morphology with respect to the thermal ICM, we propose that the origin of the diffuse radio emission is linked to the sloshing of the cool core. The new data revealed the presence of a Mpc-long radio tail associated with GB6 B0335+096. The observed projected length is a factor 3 longer than the expected cooling length, with evidence of flattening in the spectral index trend along the tail. Therefore, we suggest that the electrons toward the end of the tail are kept alive by the ICM gentle re-acceleration.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/410/2662
- Title:
- AMI 1.8cm observations in c2d small clouds
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/410/2662
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We perform deep 1.8-cm radio continuum imaging towards 13 protostellar regions selected from the Spitzer c2d small clouds and cores programme at high resolution (25-arcsec) in order to detect and quantify the cm-wave emission from deeply embedded young protostars. Within these regions we detect 15 compact radio sources which we identify as radio protostars including two probable new detections. The sample is in general of low bolometric luminosity and contains several of the newly detected VeLLO sources. We determine the 1.8cm radio luminosity to bolometric luminosity correlation, L_rad_-L_bol_, for the sample and discuss the nature of the radio emission in terms of the available sources of ionized gas. We also investigate the Lrad-LIR correlation and suggest that radio flux density may be used as a proxy for the internal luminosity of low-luminosity protostars.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/429/3330
- Title:
- AMI Galactic Plane Survey at 16GHz. I.
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/429/3330
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The AMI Galactic Plane survey is being made with the Arcminute Microkelvin Imager (AMI) Small Array at 15.7GHz and with resolution of approximately 3arcmin. This is the first data release, covering ~868deg^2^ of the Northern Galactic plane between |b|~+/-5{deg} and above {delta}=40{deg} with a noise level of ~3mJy/beam away from bright sources. The source catalogue contains a total of 3503 sources.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/453/1396
- Title:
- AMI Galactic Plane Survey at 16GHz. II.
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/453/1396
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The Arcminute Microkelvin Imager Galactic Plane Survey (AMIGPS) provides mJy-sensitivity, arcminute-resolution interferometric images of the northern Galactic plane at ~16GHz. The first data release covered 76{deg}<=l<=170{deg} between latitudes of |b|<=5{deg}; here we present a second data release, extending the coverage to 53{deg}<=l<=193{deg} and including high-latitude extensions to cover the Taurus and California giant molecular cloud regions, and the recently discovered large supernova remnant G159.6+7.3. The total coverage is now 1777{deg}^2^ and the catalogue contains 6509 sources. We also describe the improvements to the data processing pipeline which improves the positional and flux density accuracies of the survey.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/609/A17
- Title:
- AMIGA XIII. HI properties
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/609/A17
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present the largest catalogue of HI single dish observations of isolated galaxies to date, as part of the multi-wavelength compilation being performed by the AMIGA project (Analysis of the interstellar Medium in Isolated GAlaxies). Despite numerous studies of the HI content of galaxies, no revision has been made for the most isolated L* galaxies since Haynes & Giovanelli (1984AJ.....89..758H). The AMIGA sample has been demonstrated to be almost "nurture free", therefore, by creating scaling relations for the HI content of these galaxies we will define a metric of HI normalcy in the absence of interactions. The catalogue comprises of our own HI observations with Arecibo, Effelsberg, Nancay and GBT, and spectra collected from the literature. In total we have measurements or constraints on the HI masses of 844 galaxies from the Catalogue of Isolated Galaxies (CIG). The multi-wavelength AMIGA dataset includes a revision of the B-band luminosities, optical diameters, morphologies, and isolation. Due to the large size of the catalogue, these revisions permit cuts to be made to ensure isolation and a high level of completeness, which was not previously possible. With this refined dataset we fit HI scaling relations based on luminosity, optical diameter and morphology. Our regression model incorporates all the data, including upper limits, and accounts for uncertainties in both variables, as well as distance uncertainties. The HI scaling relations of the AMIGA sample define an up-to-date metric of the HI content of almost "nurture free" galaxies. These relations allow the expected HI mass, in the absence of interactions, of an individual galaxy to be predicted to within 0.25dex (for typical measurement uncertainties). These relations are thus suitable for use as statistical measures of the impact of interactions on the neutral gas content of galaxies.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/473/1512
- Title:
- AMI 15.7GHz GRB catalogue
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/473/1512
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present the Arcminute Microkelvin Imager (AMI) Large Array catalogue of 139 gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). AMI observes at a central frequency of 15.7GHz and is equipped with a fully automated rapid-response mode, which enables the telescope to respond to high-energy transients detected by Swift. On receiving a transient alert, AMI can be on-target within 2-min, scheduling later start times if the source is below the horizon. Further AMI observations are manually scheduled for several days following the trigger. The AMI GRB programme probes the early-time (<1d) radio properties of GRBs, and has obtained some of the earliest radio detections (GRB 130427A at 0.36 and GRB 130907A at 0.51d post-burst). As all Swift GRBs visible to AMI are observed, this catalogue provides the first representative sample of GRB radio properties, unbiased by multiwavelength selection criteria. We report the detection of six GRB radio afterglows that were not previously detected by other radio telescopes, increasing the rate of radio detections by 50 per cent over an 18-month period. The AMI catalogue implies a Swift GRB radio detection rate of >~15 per cent, down to ~0.2mJy/beam. However, scaling this by the fraction of GRBs AMI would have detected in the Chandra & Frail (2012, Cat. J/ApJ/746/156) sample (all radio-observed GRBs between 1997 and 2011), it is possible ~44-56 per cent of Swift GRBs are radio bright, down to ~0.1-0.15mJy/beam. This increase from the Chandra & Frail (2012, Cat. J/ApJ/746/156) rate (~30 per cent) is likely due to the AMI rapid-response mode, which allows observations to begin while the reverse-shock is contributing to the radio afterglow.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/415/893
- Title:
- AMI-LA 16 GHz sources in Perseus region
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/415/893
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present deep radio continuum observations of the cores identified as deeply embedded young stellar objects in the Perseus molecular cloud by the Spitzer c2d programme at a wavelength of 1.8cm with the Arcminute Microkelvin Imager Large Array (AMI-LA). We detect 72% of Class 0 objects from this sample and 31% of Class I objects. No starless cores are detected. We use the flux densities measured from these data to improve constraints on the correlations between radio luminosity and bolometric luminosity, infrared luminosity and, where measured, outflow force. We discuss the differing behaviour of these objects as a function of protostellar class and investigate the differences in radio emission as a function of core mass. Two of four possible very low luminosity objects (VeLLOs) are detected at 1.8cm.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/152/92
- Title:
- Ammonia and CO outflow around 6.7GHz methanol masers
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/152/92
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Single point observations are presented in NH_3_ (1, 1) and (2, 2) inversion transitions using the Effelsberg 100m telescope for a sample of 100 6.7GHz methanol masers and mapping observations in the ^12^CO and ^13^CO (1-0) transitions using the Purple Mountain Observatory Delingha 13.7m telescope for 82 sample sources with detected ammonia. A further 62 sources were selected for either ^12^CO or ^13^CO line outflow identification, producing 45 outflow candidates, 29 using ^12^CO and 16 using ^13^CO data. Twenty-two of the outflow candidates were newly identified, and 23 had trigonometric parallax distances. Physical properties were derived from ammonia lines and CO outflow parameters were calculated. Histograms and statistical correlations for ammonia, CO outflow parameters, and 6.7GHz methanol maser luminosities are also presented. No significant correlation was found between ammonia and maser luminosity. However, weak correlations were found between outflow properties and maser luminosities, which may indicate that outflows are physically associated with 6.7GHz masers.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/564/A21
- Title:
- Ammonia observations in G79.29+0.46
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/564/A21
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present the results of observations of the ammonia (1,1) and (2,2) lines in a field of 7'x7' centered in the LBV ring nebula G79.29+0.46. The survey also includes a significant part of the IRDC G79.3+0.3. Data have been gathered with the 100m radio telescope at Effelsberg. Both lines have been observed simultaneously with excellent spectral resolution. A clump of the IRDC, referred in the paper as the SW region, is sampled every 20"; sampling is 40" elsewhere.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/308/573
- Title:
- Ammonia on YSOs IRAS sources
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/308/573
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present observations of NH_3_ (1,1) and (2,2) lines in two flux-limited samples of IRAS sources selected according to colour criteria which should result in a high fraction of Young Stellar Objects. The first sample contains sources (named 'LOW') whose evolutionary status is essentially unknown, while the second sample contains sources (named 'HIGH') possibly associated with ultracompact HII regions, the distinction being based on the IRAS [25-12] colour.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/175/509
- Title:
- Ammonia spectral atlas in Perseus
- Short Name:
- J/ApJS/175/509
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present ammonia observations of 193 dense cores and core candidates in the Perseus molecular cloud made using the Robert F. Byrd Green Bank Telescope. We simultaneously observed the NH_3_(1,1), NH_3_(2,2), C_2_S (2_1_=>1_0_), and C^34^_2_S(2_1_=>1_0_) transitions near {nu}=23GHz for each of the targets with a spectral resolution of {delta}v~0.024km/s. We find ammonia emission associated with nearly all of the (sub)millimeter sources, as well as at several positions with no associated continuum emission. For each detection, we have measured physical properties by fitting a simple model to every spectral line simultaneously. Where appropriate, we have refined the model by accounting for low optical depths, multiple components along the line of sight, and imperfect coupling to the GBT beam. For the cores in Perseus, we find a typical kinetic temperature of T_k_=11K, a typical column density of N_NH3_~10^14.5^/cm2, and velocity dispersions ranging from {sigma}v=0.07 to 0.7km/s. However, many cores with {sigma}v>0.2km/s show evidence for multiple velocity components along the line of sight.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/189/1
- Title:
- A 3.5mm polarimetric survey of radio-loud AGNs
- Short Name:
- J/ApJS/189/1
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present the results from the first large (>100 sources) 3.5mm polarimetric survey of radio-loud active galactic nuclei (AGNs). This wavelength is favorable within the radio-millimeter range for measuring the intrinsic linearly polarized emission from AGNs, since in general it is only marginally affected by Faraday rotation of the electric vector position angle and depolarization. The I, Q, U, and V Stokes parameter observations were performed with the XPOL polarimeter at the IRAM 30m Telescope on different observing epochs from 2005 July (when most of the measurements were made) to 2009 October. Our sample consists of 145 flat-radio-spectrum AGNs with declination >-30{deg} (J2000.0) and flux density >~1Jy at ~86GHz, as measured at the IRAM 30m Telescope from 1978 to 1994. This constraint on the radio spectrum causes our sample to be dominated by blazars, which allows us to conduct new statistical studies on this class of high-luminosity, relativistically beamed emitters. Over our entire source sample, the luminosity of the jets is anticorrelated with the degree of linear polarization. Consistent with previous findings claiming larger Doppler factors for brighter {gamma}-ray blazars, quasars listed in our sample, and in the Fermi Large Area Telescope Bright Source Catalog (LBAS, Abdo et al., 2009ApJ...700..597A), show larger luminosities than non-LBAS ones, but our data do not allow us to confirm the same for BL Lac objects. Our new data can be used to estimate the 3.5mm AGN contribution to measurements of the linear polarization of the cosmic microwave background, such as those performed by the Planck satellite.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/VIII/86
- Title:
- Analysis of the RC catalog sample.
- Short Name:
- VIII/86
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- of paper I: 432 radio sources of the RC catalog produced in 1980-1985 at RATAN-600 radio telescope based on a deep survey of a sky strip centered on the declination of the SS433 source are identified in the region overlapping with FIRST and SDSS surveys (about 132{deg}^2^ large). The NVSS catalog was used as the reference catalog for refining the coordinates of the radio sources. The morphology is found for about 75% of the objects of the sample and the ratio of single, double and multicomponent radio sources is computed based on FIRST radio maps. The 74, 365, 1400, and 4850MHz data of the VLSS, TXS, NVSS, FIRST, and GB6 catalogs are used to analyze the shape of the spectra.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/V/67
- Title:
- An astrometric catalogue of radio stars
- Short Name:
- V/67
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Astrometric data in the optical and radio spectral ranges have been assembled for some 200 radio stars which are considered promising objects for linkage of optical and radio frames. Astrophysical data have been added to support observational programmes and data analysis. The full catalogue, in its original form as the file "catalog.ori", contains explanations, followed by the data for each star organised as paragraphs (blocks of lines separated by a blank line). Each paragraph representing a radio star in this catalog consists of 17 categories of stellar parameters; each category may contain zero, one, or more records. The positions, proper motions and parallaxes in the optical and radio domains are assigned categories 1 to 7; categories 8 to 13 deal with photometrical and spectroscopical parameters, duplicity and variability descriptions; and categories 14 to 17 contain references to finding charts and radio maps, as well as remarks about observation priorities. A detailed description of these categories are present at the beginning of the "catalog.ori" file.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/342/378
- Title:
- 6 and 20cm flux densities of radio galaxies
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/342/378
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We discuss the "angular size-redshift" relation for compact radio sources distributed over a wide range of redshifts 0.011<=z<=4.72. Our study is based on a sample of 330 5 GHz VLBI contour maps taken from the literature. Unlike extended source samples, the "angular size - redshift" relation for compact radio sources appears consistent with the predictions of standard Friedmann world models with q_0_=~0.5 without the need to consider evolutionary or selection effects due to a "linear size-luminosity" dependence. By confining our analysis to sources having a spectral index, -0.38<={alpha}<=0.18, and a total radio luminosity, Lh^2^>= 10^26^W/Hz (H_0_=100hkm/s/Mpc, q_0_=0.5 used as a numerical example), we are able to restrict the dispersion in the "angular size-redshift" relation. The best fitting regression analysis in the framework of the Friedmann-Robertson-Walker model gives the value of the deceleration parameter q_0_=0.21+/-0.30 if there are no evolutionary or selection effects due to a "linear size-luminosity", "linear size-redshift" or "linear size-spectral index" dependence.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/241/37
- Title:
- 1.4 and 5GHz deep JVLA radio survey of M33
- Short Name:
- J/ApJS/241/37
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We have performed new 1.4 and 5 GHz observations of the Local Group galaxy M33 with the Jansky Very Large Array. Our survey has a limiting sensitivity of 20{mu}Jy (4{sigma}) and a resolution of 5.9" (FWHM), corresponding to a spatial resolution of 24pc at 817kpc. Using a new multiresolution algorithm, we have created a catalog of 2875 sources, including 675 with well-determined spectral indices. We detect sources at the position of 319 of the X-ray sources in the Tullmann+ (2011, J/ApJS/193/31) Chandra survey of M33, the majority of which are likely to be background galaxies. The radio source coincident with M33 X-8, the nuclear source, appears to be extended. Along with numerous HII regions or portions of HII region complexes, we detect 155 of the 217 optical supernova remnants (SNRs) included in the lists of Long+, 2010, J/ApJS/187/495 and Lee & Lee, 2014, J/ApJ/793/134, making this by far the largest sample of remnants at known distances with multiwavelength coverage. The remnants show a large dispersion in the ratio of radio to X-ray luminosity at a given diameter, a result that challenges the current generation of models for synchrotron radiation evolution in SNRs.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/119/2801
- Title:
- 8.35 and 14.35GHz flux at Galactic plane
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/119/2801
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present the first images of the Galactic plane (GP; |b|<5{deg}, -15{deg}<l<255{deg}) at 8.35 and 14.35 GHz. These observations used the National Radio Astronomy Observatory-NASA Green Bank Earth Station to survey the sky simultaneously at these frequencies. These are the first results from the GP survey observations, a program to monitor the sky at 8.35 and 14.35 GHz. The GP survey series is intended to detect short-lived radio sources. We present four independent observations of the Galactic plane, combined to provide a set of reference images of the Galactic plane. The first survey, GPA, covers 0.82 sr (6.5%) of the sky. A source list is presented for all sources brighter than 0.9 Jy at 8.35 GHz and also for all sources brighter than 2.5 Jy at 14.35 GHz. The FITS format images, residual images, source lists, and archive data are available over the Internet. Later papers will present the results of the variable source search.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/630/A83
- Title:
- 4.85 and 10.45GHz fluxes of SDSS-FIRST sources
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/630/A83
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- A detailed understanding of how the activity of a galactic nucleus regulates the growth of its host is still missing. To understand the activity and the types of accretion of supermassive black holes in different hosts, it is essential to study radio-optical properties of a large sample of extragalactic sources. In particular, we aim at studying the radio spectral index trends across the optical emission line diagnostic diagrams to search for potential (anti)correlations. To this goal, we combine flux densities from the radio FIRST survey at 1.4GHz (with the flux density range 10mJy<=F1.4<=1000mJy for 209 SDSS sources at intermediate redshift (0.04<=z<=0.4) with the Effelsberg radiotelescope measurements at 4.85GHz and 10.45GHz. The information about the optical emission-line ratios is obtained from the SDSS-DR7 catalogue. Using the Effelsberg data, we were able to infer the two-point radio spectral index distributions for star-forming galaxies, composite galaxies (with a combined contribution to the line emission from the star-formation and AGN activity), Seyferts, and low ionization narrow emission region (LINER) galaxies. While studying the distribution of steep, flat, and inverted sources across optical diagnostic diagrams, we found three distinct classes of radio emitters for our sample: (i) sources with steep radio index, high ionization ratio and high radio loudness, (ii) sources with flat radio index, lower ionization ratio and intermediate radio loudness, (iii) sources with inverted radio index, low ionization ratio and low radio loudness. The classes (i), (ii), (iii) cluster mainly along the transition from Seyfert to LINER sources in the BPT diagram. We interpret these groups as a result of the recurrent nuclear-jet activity.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/248/18
- Title:
- 44 and 95GHz observations of class I methanol masers
- Short Name:
- J/ApJS/248/18
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We report a simultaneous 44 and 95GHz class I methanol maser survey toward 144 sources from the 95GHz class I methanol maser catalog. The observations were made with the three telescopes of the Korean very long baseline interferometry network operating in single-dish mode. The detection rates are 89% at 44GHz and 77% at 95GHz. There are 106 new discoveries at 44GHz. Comparing the previous 95GHz detections with new observations of the same transitions made using the Purple Mountain Observatory 13.7m radio telescope shows no clear evidence of variability on a timescale of six years. Emission from the 44 and 95GHz transitions shows strong correlations in peak velocity, peak flux density, and integrated flux density, indicating that they are likely cospatial. We found that the peak flux density ratio S_pk,95_/S_pk,44_ decreases as the 44GHz peak flux density increases. We found that some class I methanol masers in our sample might be associated with infrared dark clouds, while others are associated with HII regions, indicating that some sources occur at an early stage of high-mass star formation, while others are located toward more evolved sources.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/476/L17
- Title:
- 86 and 43GHz observations of NRAO 150
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/476/L17
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- NRAO 150, a compact and bright radio to mm source showing core/jet structure, has been recently identified as a quasar at redshift z=1.52 through a near-IR spectral observation. The aim is to study the jet kinematics on the smallest accessible scales and to compute the first estimates of its basic physical properties. We have analysed the ultra-high-resolution images from a new monitoring program at 86GHz and 43GHz with the Global mm VLBI Array and the VLBA, respectively. An additional archival calibration VLBA data set, covering the period from 1997 to 2007, has been used. Our data show an extreme projected counter-clockwise jet position angle swing at an angular rate of up to ~11{deg}/yr within the inner ~3pc of the jet, which is associated with a non-ballistic superluminal motion of the jet within this region.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/177/275
- Title:
- 1.3 and 2mm survey of IRC+10216
- Short Name:
- J/ApJS/177/275
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present the results of our spectral line surveys in the 1.3 and 2mm windows toward the carbon-rich envelope of IRC+10216. There were 377 lines detected in total, of which 360 lines are assigned to 57 known molecules (including 29 rare isotopomers and two cyclic isomers). Only 17 weak lines remain unidentified. Rotational lines of isotopomers ^13^CCH and HN^13^C are detected for the first time in IRC+10216 . The detection of the formaldehyde lines in this star is also confirmed. Possible abundance differences among the three ^13^C-substituted isotopic isomers of HC_3_N is reported. Isotopic ratios of C and O are confirmed to be nonsolar while those of S and Si to be nearly solar. Column densities have been estimated for 15 molecular species. Modified spectroscopic parameters have been calculated for NaCN, Na^13^CN, KCN, and SiC_2_. Transition frequencies from the present observations were used to improve the spectroscopic parameters of Si^13^CC, ^29^SiC_2_, and ^30^SiC_2_.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/VIII/13
- Title:
- A new catalog of 53522 4.85GHz sources
- Short Name:
- VIII/13
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- of paper: A catalog of 53522 4.85GHz sources between 0 and 75 degrees declination has been generated from observations taken with the NRAO Green Blank 300foot (91m) telescope. The flux limit of the catalog is dependent on declination and ranges from about 40mJy at 0degree to 20mJy at 60degrees. The source positions given in the catalog have a 95% confidence radius of about 50arcsec. Spectral indices have been calculated for 29051 sources which have counterparts in the Texas 365MHz northern sky survey.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/231/20
- Title:
- A new 95GHz methanol maser catalog. I.
- Short Name:
- J/ApJS/231/20
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The Purple Mountain Observatory 13.7m radio telescope has been used to search for 95GHz (8_0_-7_1_A^+^) class I methanol masers toward 1020 Bolocam Galactic Plane Survey (BGPS) sources, leading to 213 detections. We have compared the line width of the methanol and HCO^+^ thermal emission in all of the methanol detections, and on that basis, we find that 205 of the 213 detections are very likely to be masers. This corresponds to an overall detection rate of 95 GHz methanol masers toward our BGPS sample of 20%. Of the 205 detected masers, 144 (70%) are new discoveries. Combining our results with those of previous 95GHz methanol maser searches, a total of 481 95GHz methanol masers are now known. We have compiled a catalog listing the locations and properties of all known 95GHz methanol masers.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/724/1336
- Title:
- An extragalactic ^12^CO J=3-2 survey
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/724/1336
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present results of a ^12^COJ=3-2 survey of 125 nearby galaxies obtained with the 10m Heinrich Hertz Telescope, with the aim to characterize the properties of warm and dense molecular gas in a large variety of environments. With an angular resolution of 22", ^12^CO3-2 emission was detected in 114 targets. Based on 61 galaxies observed with equal beam sizes the ^12^CO3-2/1-0 integrated line intensity ratio R_31_ is found to vary from 0.2 to 1.9, with an average value of 0.81. No correlations are found for R_31_ to Hubble-type and far-infrared luminosity. Possible indications for a correlation with inclination angle and the 60um/100um color temperature of the dust are not significant. Higher R_31_ ratios than in "normal" galaxies, hinting at enhanced molecular excitation, may be found in galaxies hosting active galactic nuclei. Even higher average values are determined for galaxies with bars or starbursts, the latter being identified by the ratio of infrared luminosity versus isophotal area, log [(L_FIR_/L_{sun}_)/(D^2^_25_/kpc^2^)]>7.25. (U)LIRGs are found to have the highest averaged R_31_ value. This may be a consequence of particularly vigorous star formation activity, triggered by galaxy interaction and merger events.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/565/A103
- Title:
- Anomalous microwave emission in Galactic clouds
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/565/A103
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Anomalous microwave emission (AME) is believed to be due to electric dipole radiation from small spinning dust grains. The aim of this paper is a statistical study of the basic properties of AME regions and the environment in which they emit. We used WMAP and Planck maps, combined with ancillary radio and IR data, to construct a sample of 98 candidate AME sources, assembling SEDs for each source using aperture photometry on 1{deg}-smoothed maps from 0.408GHz up to 3000GHz. Each spectrum is fitted with a simple model of free-free, synchrotron (where necessary), cosmic microwave background (CMB), thermal dust, and spinning dust components. We find that 42 of the 98 sources have significant (>5{sigma}) excess emission at frequencies between 20 and 60GHz. An analysis of the potential contribution of optically thick free-free emission from ultra-compact HII regions, using IR colour criteria, reduces the significant AME sample to 27 regions. The spectrum of the AME is consistent with model spectra of spinning dust. Peak frequencies are in the range 20-35GHz except for the California nebula (NGC1499), which appears to have a high spinning dust peak frequency of (50+/-17)GHz. The AME regions tend to be more spatially extended than regions with little or no AME. The AME intensity is strongly correlated with the sub-millimetre/IR flux densities and comparable to previous AME detections in the literature. AME emissivity, defined as the ratio of AME to dust optical depth, varies by an order of magnitude for the AME regions. The AME regions tend to be associated with cooler dust in the range 14-20K and an average emissivity index, {beta}_d_, of +1.8, while the non-AME regions are typically warmer, at 20-27K. In agreement with previous studies, the AME emissivity appears to decrease with increasing column density. This supports the idea of AME originating from small grains that are known to be depleted in dense regions, probably due to coagulation onto larger grains. We also find a correlation between the AME emissivity (and to a lesser degree the spinning dust peak frequency) and the intensity of the interstellar radiation field, G_0_. Modelling of this trend suggests that both radiative and collisional excitation are important for the spinning dust emission. The most significant AME regions tend to have relatively less ionized gas (free-free emission), although this could be a selection effect. The infrared excess, a measure of the heating of dust associated with HII regions, is typically >4 for AME sources, indicating that the dust is not primarily heated by hot OB stars. The AME regions are associated with known dark nebulae and have higher 12{mu}m/25{mu}m ratios. The emerging picture is that the bulk of the AME is coming from the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and small dust grains from the colder neutral interstellar medium phase.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/VIII/3
- Title:
- An Optical Catalogue of Radio Galaxies
- Short Name:
- VIII/3
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- This catalog contains basic optical information on all known radio galaxies (with L[radio] greater than about 10**[41] ergs/s) that had been identified as of 1979 and for which measured redshifts were available. The data include the right ascension and declination (1950); galaxy (optical) type; visual magnitude; photoelectric colors; redshift (z) and the spectral lines on which the redshift measurements were based; coordinate designations; radio flux and frequency; radio spectral index; other names; and the references for the galaxy identification, photometric data, redshift, radio flux, radio spectral index, and radio map number. Note that the ADC version of this catalog differs somewhat from the original printed catalog in that some fields were added or modified and other fields reordered. In addition to the catalog data file itself, two additional files containing the list of references for the catalog are also available. The first reference list is in alphabetical order, and the second is in numerical order.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/608/A98
- Title:
- APEX spectra of Centaurus A
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/608/A98
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- NGC 5128 (Centaurus A) is one of the best targets to study AGN feedback in the local Universe. At 13.5kpc from the galaxy, optical filaments with recent star formation lie along the radio jet direction. This region is a testbed for positive feedback, here through jet-induced star formation. Atacama Pathfinder EXperiment (APEX) observations have revealed strong CO emission in star-forming regions and in regions with no detected tracers of star formation activity. In cases where star formation is observed, this activity appears to be inefficient compared to the Kennicutt-Schmidt relation. We used the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) to map the 12CO(1-0) emission all along the filaments of NGC 5128 at a resolution of 1.3"~23.8pc. We find that the CO emission is clumpy and is distributed in two main structures: (i) the Horseshoe complex, located outside the HI cloud, where gas is mostly excited by shocks and where no star formation is observed, and (ii) the Vertical filament, located at the edge of the HI shell, which is a region of moderate star formation. We identified 140 molecular clouds using a clustering method applied to the CO data cube. A statistical study reveals that these clouds have very similar physical properties, such as size, velocity dispersion, and mass, as in the inner Milky Way. However, the range of radius available with the present ALMA observations does not enable us to investigate whether or not the clouds follow the Larson relation. The large virial parameter {alpha}_vir_ of the clouds suggests that gravity is not dominant and clouds are not gravitationally unstable. Finally, the total energy injection in the northern filaments of Centaurus A is of the same order as in the inner part of the Milky Way. The strong CO emission detected in the northern filaments is an indication that the energy injected by the jet acts positively in the formation of dense molecular gas. The relatively high virial parameter of the molecular clouds suggests that the injected kinetic energy is too strong for star formation to be efficient. This is particularly the case in the Horseshoe complex, where the virial parameter is the largest and where strong CO is detected with no associated star formation. This is the first evidence of AGN positive feedback in the sense of forming molecular gas through shocks, associated with low star formation efficiency due to turbulence injection by the interaction with the radio jet.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/627/A6
- Title:
- APEX spectra of Centaurus A
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/627/A6
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- NGC 5128 (Centaurus A) is one of the best targets to study AGN-feedback in the local Universe. Optical filaments located at 16 kpc from the galaxy along the radio jet direction show recent star formation, likely triggered by the interaction of the jet with an HI shell. A large reservoir of molecular gas has been discovered outside the HI. In this reservoir, lies the Horseshoe complex: a filamentary structure seen in CO with ALMA and in Halpha with MUSE. The ionised gas is mostly excited by shocks, with only a minor contribution of star formation. We used the Atacama Pathfinder EXperiment (APEX) to observe the ^12^CO(3-2) and ^12^CO(4-3) transitions, as well as dense gas tracers in the Horseshoe complex. ^12^CO(3-2) and ^12^CO(4-3) are detected for the first time in the northern filaments of Centaurus A, with integrated intensity line ratios R32~0.2 and R43~0.1, compared to the ^12^CO(1-0) emission. We also derived a line ratio R21~0.6, based on the previous ^12^CO(2-1) observations of Salome et al. (2016, Cat. J/A+A/595/A65). We used the non-LTE radiative transfer code RADEX and determined that the molecular gas in this region has a temperature of 55-70K and densities between 2-6x10^2^cm^-3^. Such densities are also in agreement with results from the Paris-Durham shock code that predicts a post-shock density of a few 100cm^-3^. However, we need more observations of emission lines at a better angular resolution in order to place tighter constraints on our radiative models, whether they are used as a stand-alone tool (LVG codes) or combined with a shock model.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/595/A65
- Title:
- APEX spectra of Centaurus A
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/595/A65
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- NGC 5128 (Centaurus A) is one of the best example to study AGN-feedback in the local Universe. At 13.5kpc from the galaxy, optical filaments with recent star formation are lying along the radio-jet direction. We used the Atacama Pathfinder EXperiment (APEX) to map the CO(2-1) emission all along the filaments structure. Molecular gas mass of 8.2x10^7M_{sun}_ was found over the 4.2kpc-structure which represents about 3% of the total gas mass of the NGC 5128 cold gas content. Two dusty mostly molecular structures are identified, following the optical filaments. The region corresponds to the crossing of the radio jet with the northern HI shell, coming from a past galaxy merger. One filament is located at the border of the HI shell, while the other is entirely molecular, and devoid of HI gas. The molecular mass is comparable to the HI mass in the shell, suggesting a scenario where the atomic gas was shocked and transformed in molecular clouds by the radio jet. Comparison with combined FIR Herschel and UV GALEX estimation of star formation rates in the same regions leads to depletion times of more than 10 Gyr. The filaments are thus less efficient than discs in converting molecular gas into stars. Kinetic energy injection triggered by shocks all along the jet/gas interface is a possible process that appears to be consistent with MUSE line ratio diagnostics derived in a smaller region of the northern filaments. Whether the AGN is the sole origin of this energy input and what is the dominant (mechanical vs radiative) mode for this process is however still to be investigated.