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- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/862/1
- Title:
- Rotation reversals in the polarization in OJ 287
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/862/1
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We have obtained a smooth time series for the electric vector position angle (EVPA) of the blazar OJ 287 at centimeter wavelengths, by making +/-n{pi} adjustments to archival values from 1974 to 2016. The data display rotation reversals in which the EVPA rotates counterclockwise for ~180{deg} and then rotates clockwise by a similar amount. The timescale of the rotations is a few weeks to a year, and the scale for a double rotation, including the reversal, is 1-3yr. We have seen four of these events in 40yr. A model consisting of two successive outbursts in polarized flux density, with EVPAs counterrotating, superposed on a steady polarized jet, can explain many of the details of the observations. Polarization images support this interpretation. The model can also help to explain similar events seen at optical wavelengths. The outbursts needed for the model can be generated by the supermagnetosonic jet model of Nakamura+ (2010ApJ...721.1783N) and Nakamura & Meier (2014ApJ...785..152N), which requires a strong helical magnetic field. This model produces forward and reverse pairs of fast and slow MHD waves, and the plasma inside the two fast/slow pairs rotates around the jet axis, but in opposite directions.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/806/199
- Title:
- RRL and continuum data of 21 Galactic H II regions
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/806/199
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Elemental abundance patterns in the Galactic disk constrain theories of the formation and evolution of the Milky Way. H II region abundances are the result of billions of years of chemical evolution. We made radio recombination line and continuum measurements of 21 H II regions located between Galactic azimuth Az=90{deg}-130{deg}, a previously unexplored region. We derive the plasma electron temperatures using the line-to-continuum ratios and use them as proxies for the nebular [O/H] abundances, because in thermal equilibrium the abundance of the coolants (O, N, and other heavy elements) in the ionized gas sets the electron temperature, with high abundances producing low temperatures. Combining these data with our previous work produces a sample of 90 H II regions with high-quality electron temperature determinations. We derive kinematic distances in a self-consistent way for the entire sample. The radial gradient in [O/H] is -0.082+/-0.014 dex/kpc for Az=90{deg}-130{deg}, about a factor of 2 higher than the average value between Az=0{deg}-60{deg}. Monte Carlo simulations show that the azimuthal structure we reported for Az=0{deg}-60{deg} is not significant because kinematic distance uncertainties can be as high as 50% in this region. Nonetheless, the flatter radial gradients between Az=0{deg}-60{deg} compared with Az=90{deg}-130{deg} are significant within the uncertainty. We suggest that this may be due to radial mixing from the Galactic Bar whose major axis is aligned toward Az~30{deg}.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/642/A153
- Title:
- SAGAN. I. New sample & multi-wavelength studies
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/642/A153
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present the first results of a project called SAGAN, which is dedicated solely to the studies of relatively rare megaparsec-scale radio galaxies in the Universe, called giant radio galaxies (GRGs). We have identified 162 new GRGs primarily from the NVSS with sizes ranging from ~0.71Mpc to 2.82Mpc in the redshift range of ~0.03-0.95, of which 23 are hosted by quasars (giant radio quasars, GRQs). As part of the project SAGAN, we have created a database of all known GRGs, the GRG catalogue, from the literature (including our new sample); it includes 820 sources. For the first time, we present the multi-wavelength properties of the largest sample of GRGs. Our results establish that the distributions of the radio spectral index and the black hole mass of GRGs do not differ from the corresponding distributions of normal-sized radio galaxies (RGs). However, GRGs have a lower Eddington ratio (ER) than RGs. Using the mid-infrared data, we classified GRGs in terms of their accretion mode: either a high-power radiatively efficient high-excitation state, or a radiatively inefficient low-excitation state. We find that GRGs in high-excitation state statistically have larger sizes, stronger radio power, jet kinetic power, and higher ER than those in low-excitation state. Our analysis reveals a strong correlation between the ER and the scaled jet kinetic power, which suggests a disc-jet coupling. Our environmental study reveals that ~10% of all GRGs may reside at the centres of galaxy clusters, in a denser galactic environment, while the majority appears to reside in a sparse environment. We find that the probability of BCG as a GRG is quite low. We present new results for GRGs that range from black hole mass to large-scale environment properties. We discuss their formation and growth scenarios, highlighting the key physical factors that cause them to reach their gigantic size.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/other/AstBu/70.264
- Title:
- Sample of 877 blazars
- Short Name:
- J/other/AstBu/70
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We study the synchrotron component of the spectral energy distribution on the sample of 877 blazars using ASDC SED Builder Tool with available broadband data from the literature. Our sample includes 423 flat-spectrum radio sources (FSRQs), 361 BL Lac objects and candidates, and 93 blazars of uncertain type. We have made an estimation of the synchrotron peak frequency for the 875 objects and further classified them as high, intermediate and low synchrotron peaked sources (HSPs/ISPs/LSPs). For each source NVSS name (RA (HHMMSS) and DEC (DDMMSS) for the J2000.0 epoch), alias, redshift, R band magnitude, synchrotron peak frequency, correlation coefficient, flux density at 4.8GHz, SED class, blazar type and selection method are presented.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/other/AstBu/68.262
- Title:
- Sample of 467 GPS candidates
- Short Name:
- J/other/AstBu/68
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The results of a comprehensive analysis of continuous radio spectra of a sample of Gigahertz-Peaked Spectrum (GPS) sources are reported. The sources are selected from a flux-density-complete sample (S more or equal 200mJy at 4.8 or 5GHz) using multifrequency measurements of the RATAN-600 radio telescope and data from the CATS astrophysical catalogs support system. The analysis revealed a very small number (1-2%) of "classical" GPS objects, which is significantly less than the expected fraction of 10%. GPS galaxies are found to have narrower and steeper radio spectra than quasars. The low-frequency part of the spectrum is seen to become steeper with increasing redshift. Galaxies and quasars at the same z have comparable angular sizes, whereas their luminosities may differ by one order of magnitude. At large redshifts there is a deficit of objects with low (several GHz) peak frequencies. The number of GPS galaxies decreases sharply with redshift, and most of them are found at z between 0.01 and 1.81. GPS quasars are found at large redshifts, from 0.11 to 3.99. A quarter of the sample consists of blazars whose spectra may temporarily have a convex shape when the object is in active state.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/694/992
- Title:
- SED of cluster radio galaxies
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/694/992
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- To explore the high-frequency radio spectra of galaxies in clusters, we used NRAO's Very Large Array at four frequencies, 4.9-43GHz, to observe 139 galaxies in low redshift (z<0.25), X-ray detected, clusters. The clusters were selected from the survey conducted by Ledlow and Owen (1997ApJS..108...41O), who provided redshifts and 1.4GHz flux densities for all the radio sources. We find that more than half of the observed sources have steep microwave spectra as generally expected ({alpha}<-0.5, in the convention S{proto}{nu}^{alpha}^). However, 60%-70% of the unresolved or barely resolved sources have flat or inverted spectra. Most of these show an upward turn in flux at {nu}>22GHz, implying a higher flux than would be expected from an extrapolation of the lower-frequency flux measurements. Our results quantify the need for careful source subtraction in increasingly sensitive measurements of the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect in clusters of galaxies (as currently being conducted by, for instance, the Atacama Cosmology Telescope and South Pole Telescope groups).
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/836/185
- Title:
- SEDs of the radio continuum from KINGFISHER
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/836/185
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We study the spectral energy distribution (SED) of the radio continuum (RC) emission from the Key Insight in Nearby Galaxies Emitting in Radio (KINGFISHER) sample of nearby galaxies to understand the energetics and origin of this emission. Effelsberg multi-wavelength observations at 1.4, 4.8, 8.4, and 10.5GHz combined with archive data allow us, for the first time, to determine the mid-RC (1-10GHz, MRC) bolometric luminosities and further present calibration relations versus the monochromatic radio luminosities. The 1-10GHz radio SED is fitted using a Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo technique leading to measurements for the nonthermal spectral index (S_{nu}_~{nu}^-{alpha}_nt_^) and the thermal fraction (f_th_) with mean values of {alpha}_nt_=0.97+/-0.16 (0.79+/-0.15 for the total spectral index) and f_th_=(10+/-9)% at 1.4GHz. The MRC luminosity changes over ~3 orders of magnitude in the sample, 4.3x10^2^L_{sun}_<MRC<3.9x10^5^L_{sun}_. The thermal emission is responsible for ~23% of the MRC on average. We also compare the extinction-corrected diagnostics of the star-formation rate (SFR) with the thermal and nonthermal radio tracers and derive the first star-formation calibration relations using the MRC radio luminosity. The nonthermal spectral index flattens with increasing SFR surface density, indicating the effect of the star-formation feedback on the cosmic-ray electron population in galaxies. Comparing the radio and IR SEDs, we find that the FIR-to-MRC ratio could decrease with SFR, due to the amplification of the magnetic fields in star-forming regions. This particularly implies a decrease in the ratio at high redshifts, where mostly luminous/star-forming galaxies are detected.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/192/15
- Title:
- Seven-year WMAP catalog
- Short Name:
- J/ApJS/192/15
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present updated estimates of Galactic foreground emission using seven years of WMAP data. Using the power spectrum of differences between multi-frequency template-cleaned maps, we find no evidence for foreground contamination outside of the updated (KQ85y7) foreground mask. We place a 15uK upper bound on rms foreground contamination in the cleaned maps used for cosmological analysis. Further, the cleaning process requires only three power-law foregrounds outside of the mask. We find no evidence for polarized foregrounds beyond those from soft (steep-spectrum) synchrotron and thermal dust emission; in particular we find no indication in the polarization data of an extra "haze" of hard synchrotron emission from energetic electrons near the Galactic center. We provide an updated map of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) using the internal linear combination method, updated foreground masks, and updates to point source catalogs using two different techniques. With additional years of data, we now detect 471 point sources using a five-band technique and 417 sources using a three-band CMB-free technique. In total there are 62 newly detected point sources, a 12% increase over the five-year release.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/604/A6
- Title:
- SgrB2 ALMA continuum and spectral index
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/604/A6
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The two hot molecular cores SgrB2(M) and SgrB2(N), which are located at the center of the giant molecular cloud complex Sagittarius B2, have been the targets of numerous spectral line surveys, revealing a rich and complex chemistry. We seek to characterize the physical and chemical structure of the two high-mass star-forming sites SgrB2(M) and SgrB2(N) using high-angular resolution observations at millimeter wavelengths, reaching spatial scales of about 4000au. We used the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) to perform an unbiased spectral line survey of both regions in the ALMA band 6 with a frequency coverage from 211GHz to 275GHz. The achieved angular resolution is 0.4-arcsec, which probes spatial scales of about 4000au, i.e., able to resolve different cores and fragments. In order to determine the continuum emission in these line-rich sources, we used a new statistical method, STATCONT, which has been applied successfully to this and other ALMA datasets and to synthetic observations. We detect 27 continuum sources in SgrB2(M) and 20 sources in SgrB2(N). We study the continuum emission variation across the ALMA band 6 (i.e., spectral index) and compare the ALMA 1.3mm continuum emission with previous SMA 345GHz and VLA 40GHz observations to study the nature of the sources detected. The brightest sources are dominated by (partially optically thick) dust emission, while there is an important degree of contamination from ionized gas free-free emission in weaker sources. While the total mass in SgrB2(M) is distributed in many fragments, most of the mass in SgrB2(N) arises from a single object, with filamentary-like structures converging toward the center. There seems to be a lack of low-mass dense cores in both regions. We determine H2 volume densities for the cores of about 10^7^-10^9^cm^-3^ (or 10^5^-10^7^M_{sun}_/pc^3^), i.e., one to two orders of magnitude higher than the stellar densities of super star clusters. We perform a statistical study of the chemical content of the identified sources. In general, SgrB2(N) is chemically richer than SgrB2(M). The chemically richest sources have about 100 lines per GHz and the fraction of luminosity contained in spectral lines at millimeter wavelengths with respect to the total luminosity is about 20%-40%. There seems to be a correlation between the chemical richness and the mass of the fragments, where more massive clumps are more chemically rich. Both SgrB2(N) and SgrB2(M) harbor a cluster of hot molecular cores. We compare the continuum images with predictions from a detailed 3D radiative transfer model that reproduces the structure of SgrB2 from 45pc down to 100au. This ALMA dataset, together with other ongoing observational projects in the range 5GHz to 200GHz, better constrain the 3D structure of SgrB2 and allow us to understand its physical and chemical structure.