- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/631/A137
- Title:
- IRAS 16293-2422 CH_3_CCH spectral cubes
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/631/A137
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Propyne (CH_3_CCH) has been detected in a variety of environments, from Galactic star-forming regions to extragalactic sources. Such molecules are excellent tracers of the physical conditions in star-forming regions. This study explores the emission of CH_3_CCH in the low-mass protostellar binary, IRAS 16293-2422, examining the spatial scales traced by this molecule, as well as its formation and destruction pathways. ALMA observations from the Protostellar Interferometric Line Survey (PILS) are used to determine the abundances and excitation temperatures of CH_3_CCH towards both protostars, exploring spatial scales from 70 to 2400au. The three-phase chemical kinetics model MAGICKAL is also used, to explore the chemical reactions of this molecule. CH_3_CCH is detected towards both IRAS 16293A and IRAS 16293B and is found to trace the hot corino component around each source in the PILS dataset. Eighteen transitions above 3{sigma} are detected, enabling robust excitation temperatures and column densities to be determined in each source. In IRAS 16293A, an excitation temperature of 90K and a column density of 7.8x10^15^cm^-2^ best fits the spectra. In IRAS 16293B, an excitation temperature of 100K and 6.8x10^15^cm^-2^ best fits the spectra. The chemical modelling finds that in order to reproduce the observed abundances, both gas-phase and grain-surface reactions are needed. CH_3_CCH is a molecule whose brightness and abundance in many different regions can be utilised to provide a benchmark of molecular variation with the physical properties of star-forming regions. It is essential when making such comparisons, that the abundances are determined with a good understanding of the spatial scale of the emitting region, to ensure that accurate abundances are derived
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Search Results
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/276/57
- Title:
- IRAS Galactic star-forming regions. II.
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/276/57
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The results of the analysis of the occurrence of 22.2-GHz H_2_O maser emission in a sample of 1409 IRAS sources north of declination -30deg associated with star-forming regions are presented. Our sample contains all the IRAS sources that satisfy Emerson criteria for selecting molecular cores associated with the earliest evolutionary stages of the star-forming process. In a previous paper (Paper I, 1994MNRAS.266..123P), we have reported the results of the observations of about one third of the sample. In the present paper the observations of the remaining IRAS sources are presented: 18 of them are newly detected maser sources. The results show that 20 per cent of all IRAS sources that satisfy the Wood & Churchwell criteria have H2O water masers. This is in agreement with the assumption that these criteria select objects that are connected with the early phases of the evolution of high-mass star-forming regions. Moreover, about one third of the whole sample selected according to Emerson criteria contains IRAS sources that are not associated with massive star-forming processes, but probably with molecular cores in low-mass star-forming regions.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/III/197
- Title:
- IRAS Low Resolution Spectra
- Short Name:
- III/197
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The IRAS survey instrumentation included a low-resolution spectrometer which covered the wavelength range between 8 and 22 um. The spectrometer operated during the entire survey, providing spectra of the brighter point sources. For details about the spectrometer, the reader is referred to the published book, chapter IX. The spectra included in file "lrs.dat" contain 200 points each, 100 points in the 8-13um range, and 100 points in the 11-22um range. There is therefore an overlapping between the longer wavelengths of the first sample and the shorter wavelengths of the second sample. The data points are stored as scaled integer arrays in the file "lrs.dat"; the corresponding values of the wavelengths are available in the file "calib.dat" . The file "lrs.dat" includes also data taken from the IRAS point source catalog <II/125>.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/499/233
- Title:
- IRAS 05345+3157 mm high-angular resolution maps
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/499/233
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- To better understand the initial conditions of the high-mass star formation process, it is crucial to study at high-angular resolution the morphology, the kinematics, and eventually the interactions of the coldest condensations associated with intermediate-/high-mass star forming regions. The paper studies the cold condensations in the intermediate-/high-mass proto-cluster IRAS 05345+3157, focusing the attention on the interaction with the other objects in the cluster. We have performed millimeter high-angular resolution observations, both in the continuum and several molecular lines, with the PdBI and the SMA. The millimeter maps reveal the presence of 3 cores inside the interferometers primary beam, called C1-a, C1-b and C2. The lines, specifically N2H+ and N2D+, indicate the presence of two potential pre-stellar condensations (called N and S) not associated with the continuum sources. C1-b is very likely associated with a newly formed early-B ZAMS star embedded inside a hot-core, while C1-a is more likely associated with a class 0 intermediate-mass protostar. The nature of C2 is unclear. Both C1-a and C1-b are good candidates as driving sources of a powerful CO outflow, strongly interacting with both N and S, as demonstrated by the velocity gradient across both condensations. Our major conclusion is that the chemical properties of these pre-stellar cores are similar to those observed in low-mass isolated ones, while the kinematics is dominated by the turbulence triggered by the CO outflow, which can influence their evolution.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/633/A7
- Title:
- IRAS 16293-2422 spectral cubes
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/633/A7
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Temperature is a crucial parameter in circumstellar disk evolution and planet formation because it governs the resistance of the gas to gravitational instability and sets the chemical composition of the planet-forming material. We set out to determine the gas temperature of the young disk-like structure around the Class 0 protostar IRAS 16293-2422A. We used Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) observations of multiple H_2_CS J=7-6 and J=10-9 lines from the Protostellar Interferometric Line Survey (PILS) to create a temperature map for the inner ~200AU of the disk-like structure. This molecule is a particularly useful temperature probe because transitions between energy levels with different K_a quantum numbers operate only through collisions. Based on the H_2_CS line ratios, the temperature is between ~100-175K in the inner ~150AU, and drops to ~75K at ~200AU. At the current resolution (0.5"~70AU), no jump is seen in the temperature at the disk-envelope interface. The temperature structure derived from H_2_CS is consistent with envelope temperature profiles that constrain the temperature from 1000AU scales down to ~100AU, but does not follow the temperature rise seen in these profiles at smaller radii. Higher angular resolution observations of optically thin temperature tracers are needed to establish whether cooling by gas-phase water, the presence of a putative disk, or the dust optical depth influences the gas temperature at <~100AU scales. The temperature at 100AU is higher in IRAS 16293A than in the embedded Class 0/I disk L1527, consistent with the higher luminosity of the former.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/421/679
- Title:
- IRAS 22023+5249 spectroscopy
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/421/679
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The first high-resolution (R~50000) optical spectrum of the B-type star, LS III +52 24, identified as the optical counterpart of the hot post-asymptotic giant branch (post-AGB) candidate IRAS 22023+5249 (I22023) is presented. We report the detailed identifications of the observed absorption and emission features in the full wavelength range (4290-9015{AA}) as well as the atmospheric parameters and photospheric abundances (under the local thermodynamic equilibrium approximation) for the first time. The nebular parameters (Te, Ne) are also derived.
1227. IRAS 16293-2422 spectrum
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/585/A112
- Title:
- IRAS 16293-2422 spectrum
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/585/A112
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- A fraction of the missing sulfur in dense clouds and circumstellar regions could be in the form of three species not yet detected in the interstellar medium: H_2_S_2_, HS_2_, and S_2_ according to experimental simulations performed under astrophysically relevant conditions. These S-S bonded molecules can be formed by the energetic processing of H_2_S-bearing ice mantles on dust grains, and subsequently desorb to the gas phase. The detection of these species could partially solve the sulfur depletion problem, and would help to improve our knowledge of the poorly known chemistry of sulfur in the interstellar medium. To this purpose we calculated the frequencies and expected intensities of the rotational transitions not previously reported, and performed dedicated ground-based observations toward the low-mass warm core IRAS 16293-2422, a region with one of the highest measured gas-phase H_2_S abundances. Observations in the submillimeter regime were obtained with the APEX 12m telescope during 15h of observation. A total of ~16GHz were covered in a range of about 100GHz, targeting a wide selection of the predicted rotational transitions of the three molecules.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/649/A84
- Title:
- IR band features around HD100546
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/649/A84
- Date:
- 22 Feb 2022
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Carbonaceous nanograins are present at the surface of protoplanetary disks around Herbig Ae/Be stars, where most of the ultraviolet energy from the central star is dissipated. Efficiently coupled to the gas, they are unavoidable to understand the physics and chemistry of these disks. Furthermore, nanograins are able to trace the outer flaring parts of the disk and possibly the gaps from which the larger grains are missing. However, their evolution through the disks, from internal to external regions, is only poorly understood so far. Our aim is to examine the spatial distribution and evolution of the nanodust emission in the emblematic (pre-)transitional protoplanetary disk HD 100546. This disk shows many structures (annular gaps, rings, and spirals) and reveals very rich carbon nanodust spectroscopic signatures (aromatic, aliphatic) in a wide spatial range of the disk (~20-200au). We analysed adaptive optics spectroscopic observations in the 3-4um range (angular resolution of ~0.1") and imaging and spectroscopic observations in the 8-12um range (angular resolution of ~0.3"). The hyperspectral cube was decomposed into a sum of spatially coherent dust components using a Gaussian decomposition algorithm. We compared the data to model predictions using the heterogeneous dust evolution model for interstellar solids (THEMIS), which is integrated in the radiative transfer code POLARIS by calculating the thermal and stochastic heating of micro- and nanometre-sized dust grains for a given disk structure. We find that the aromatic features at 3.3, 8.6, and 11.3um, and the aliphatic features between 3.4 and 3.5um are spatially extended; each band shows a specific morphology dependent on the local physical conditions. The aliphatic-to-aromatic band ratio, 3.4/3.3, increases with the distance from the star from ~0.2 (at 0.2" or 20au) to ~0.45 (at 1" or 100au), suggesting UV processing. In the 8-12um observed spectra, several features characteristic of aromatic particles and crystalline silicates are detected. Their relative contribution changes with the distance to the star. The model predicts that the features and adjacent continuum are due to different combinations of grain sub-populations, in most cases with a high dependence on the intensity of the UV field. The model reproduces the spatial emission profiles of the bands well, except for the inner 20-40au, where the observed emission of the 3.3 and 3.4um bands is, unlike the predictions, flat and no longer increases with the UV field. With our approach that combines observational data in the near- to mid-IR and disk modelling, we deliver constraints on the spatial distribution of nano-dust particles as a function of the disk structure and radiation field.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/834/185
- Title:
- IR-bright MSX sources in the SMC with Spitzer/IRS
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/834/185
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We have used the Infrared Spectrograph (IRS) on the Spitzer Space Telescope to observe stars in the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) selected from the Point Source Catalog of the Midcourse Space Experiment (MSX). We concentrate on the dust properties of the oxygen-rich evolved stars. The dust composition has smaller contributions from alumina compared to the Galaxy. This difference may arise from the lower metallicity in the SMC, but it could be a selection effect, as the SMC sample includes more stars that are brighter and thus more massive. The distribution of the SMC stars along the silicate sequence looks more like the Galactic sample of red supergiants than asymptotic giant branch stars (AGBs). While many of the SMC stars are definitively on the AGB, several also show evidence of hot bottom burning. Three of the supergiants show PAH emission at 11.3{mu}m. Two other sources show mixed chemistry, with both carbon-rich and oxygen-rich spectral features. One, MSX SMC 134, may be the first confirmed silicate/carbon star in the SMC. The other, MSX SMC 049, is a candidate post-AGB star. MSX SMC 145, previously considered a candidate OH/IR star, is actually an AGB star with a background galaxy at z=0.16 along the same line of sight. We consider the overall characteristics of all the MSX sources, the most infrared-bright objects in the SMC, in light of the higher sensitivity and resolution of Spitzer, and compare them with the object types expected from the original selection criteria. This population represents what will be seen in more distant galaxies by the upcoming James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). Color-color diagrams generated from the IRS spectra and the mid-infrared filters on JWST show how one can separate evolved stars from young stellar objects (YSOs) and distinguish among different classes of YSOs.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/618/A4
- Title:
- IRC+10216 as a spectroscopic laboratory
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/618/A4
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- This work presents a detailed analysis of the laboratory and astrophysical spectral data available for ^28^SiC_2_, ^29^SiC_2_, ^30^SiC_2_, Si^13^CC, and Si_2_C. New data on the rotational lines of these species between 70 and 350GHz have been obtained with high spectral resolution (195kHz) with the IRAM 30m telescope in the direction of the circumstellar envelope IRC+10216. Frequency measurements can reach an accuracy of 50kHz for features observed with a good signal to noise ratio. From the observed astrophysical lines and the available laboratory data new rotational and centrifugal distortion constants have been derived for all the isotopologues of SiC_2_, allowing to predict their spectrum with high accuracy in the millimeter and submillimeter domains. Improved rotational and centrifugal distortion constants have also been obtained for disilicon carbide, Si_2_C. This work shows that observations of IRC+10216 taken with the IRAM 30m telescope, with a spectral resolution of 195kHz, can be used for any molecular species detected in this source to derive, or improve, its rotational constants. Hence, IRC+10216 in addition to be one the richest sources in molecular species in the sky, can also be used as a state-of-the-art spectroscopy laboratory in the millimeter and submillimeter domains.
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