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2641. Spectroscopy of RGB stars in Draco & Ursa Minor
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/156/257
Title:
Spectroscopy of RGB stars in Draco & Ursa Minor
Short Name:
J/AJ/156/257
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
Measuring the frequency of binary stars in dwarf spheroidal galaxies (dSphs) requires data taken over long time intervals. We combine radial velocity measurements from five literature sources taken over the course of ~30 years to yield the largest multi-epoch kinematic sample for stars in the dSphs Draco and Ursa Minor. With this data set, we are able to implement an improved version of the Bayesian technique described in Spencer et al. (2017, J/AJ/153/254) to evaluate the binary fraction of red giant stars in these dwarf galaxies. Assuming Duquennoy & Mayor (1991A&A...248..485D) period and mass ratio distributions, the binary fractions in Draco and Ursa Minor are 0.50_-0.06_^+0.04^ and 0.78_-0.08_^+0.09^, respectively. We find that a normal mass ratio distribution is preferred over a flat distribution, and that log-normal period distributions centered on long periods ({mu}_logP_>3.5) are preferred over distributions centered on short ones. We reanalyzed the binary fractions in Leo II, Carina, Fornax, Sculptor, and Sextans, and find that there is <1% chance that binary fraction is a constant quantity across all seven dwarfs, unless the period distribution varies greatly. This indicates that the binary populations in Milky Way dSphs are not identical in regard to their binary fractions, period distributions, or both. We consider many different properties of the dwarfs (e.g., mass, radius, luminosity, etc.) and find that binary fraction might be larger in dwarfs that formed their stars quickly and/or have high velocity dispersions.
2642. Spectroscopy of RGB stars in {omega} Centauri
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/154/150
Title:
Spectroscopy of RGB stars in {omega} Centauri
Short Name:
J/AJ/154/150
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
We present [Fe/H] and [Ca/Fe] of ~600 red giant branch (RGB) members of the globular cluster Omega Centauri ({omega} Cen). We collect medium-resolution (R~2000) spectra using the Blanco 4 m telescope at the Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory equipped with Hydra, the fiber-fed multi-object spectrograph. We demonstrate that blending of stellar light in optical fibers severely limits the accuracy of spectroscopic parameters in the crowded central region of the cluster. When photometric temperatures are taken in the spectroscopic analysis, our kinematically selected cluster members, excluding those that are strongly affected by flux from neighboring stars, include relatively fewer stars at intermediate metallicity ([Fe/H]~-1.5) than seen in the previous high-resolution survey for brighter giants in Johnson & Pilachowski (2010, J/ApJ/722/1373). As opposed to the trend of increasing [Ca/Fe] with [Fe/H] found by those authors, our [Ca/Fe] estimates, based on Ca II H & K measurements, show essentially the same mean [Ca/Fe] for most of the metal-poor and metal-intermediate populations in this cluster, suggesting that mass- or metallicity-dependent SN II yields may not be necessary in their proposed chemical evolution scenario. Metal-rich cluster members in our sample show a large spread in [Ca/Fe], and do not exhibit a clear bimodal distribution in [Ca/Fe]. We also do not find convincing evidence for a radial metallicity gradient among RGB stars in {omega} Cen.
2643. Spectroscopy of Scl 1019417 and UMi 20103
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/144/168
Title:
Spectroscopy of Scl 1019417 and UMi 20103
Short Name:
J/AJ/144/168
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
The most metal-poor stars in dwarf spheroidal galaxies (dSphs) can show the nucleosynthetic patterns of one or a few supernovae (SNe). These SNe could have zero metallicity, making metal-poor dSph stars the closest surviving links to Population III stars. Metal-poor dSph stars also help to reveal the formation mechanism of the Milky Way (MW) halo. We present the detailed abundances from Keck/HIRES spectroscopy for two very metal-poor stars in two MW dSphs. One star, in the Sculptor dSph, has [FeI/H]=-2.40. The other star, in the Ursa Minor dSph, has [FeI/H]=-3.16. Both stars fall in the previously discovered low-metallicity, high-[{alpha}/Fe] plateau. Most abundance ratios of very metal-poor stars in these two dSphs are largely consistent with very metal-poor halo stars. However, the abundances of Na and some r-process elements lie at the lower end of the envelope defined by inner halo stars of similar metallicity. We propose that the metallicity dependence of SN yields is the cause. The earliest SNe in low-mass dSphs have less gas to pollute than the earliest SNe in massive halo progenitors. As a result, dSph stars at -3<[Fe/H]<-2 sample SNe with [Fe/H]{Lt}-3, whereas halo stars in the same metallicity range sample SNe with [Fe/H]~-3. Consequently, enhancements in [Na/Fe] and [r/Fe] were deferred to higher metallicity in dSphs than in the progenitors of the inner halo.
2644. Spectroscopy of SNe Ib, IIb and Ic
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/827/90
Title:
Spectroscopy of SNe Ib, IIb and Ic
Short Name:
J/ApJ/827/90
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
Using the largest spectroscopic data set of stripped-envelope core-collapse supernovae (stripped SNe), we present a systematic investigation of spectral properties of Type IIb SNe (SNe IIb), Type Ib SNe (SNe Ib), and Type Ic SNe (SNe Ic). Prior studies have been based on individual objects or small samples. Here, we analyze 242 spectra of 14 SNe IIb, 262 spectra of 21 SNe Ib, and 207 spectra of 17 SNe Ic based on the stripped SN data set of Modjaz et al. (2016ApJ...832..108M) and other published spectra of individual SNe. Each SN in our sample has a secure spectroscopic ID, a date of V-band maximum light, and most have multiple spectra at different phases. We analyze these spectra as a function of subtype and phase in order to improve the SN identification scheme and constrain the progenitors of different kinds of stripped SNe. By comparing spectra of SNe IIb with those of SNe Ib, we find that the strength of H{alpha} can be used to quantitatively differentiate between these two subtypes at all epochs. Moreover, we find a continuum in observational properties between SNe IIb and Ib. We address the question of hidden He in SNe Ic by comparing our observations with predictions from various models that either include hidden He or in which He has been burnt. Our results favor the He-free progenitor models for SNe Ic. Finally, we construct continuum-divided average spectra as a function of subtype and phase to quantify the spectral diversity of the different types of stripped SNe.
2645. Spectroscopy of solar twins and analogues
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/574/A124
Title:
Spectroscopy of solar twins and analogues
Short Name:
J/A+A/574/A124
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
Many large stellar surveys have been and are still being carried out, providing huge amounts of data, for which stellar physical parameters will be derived. Solar twins and analogues provide a means to test the calibration of these stellar catalogues because the Sun is the best-studied star and provides precise fundamental parameters. Solar twins should be centred on the solar values. This spectroscopic study of solar analogues selected from the Geneva-Copenhagen Survey (GCS) at a resolution of 48000 provides effective temperatures and metallicities for these stars. We test whether our spectroscopic parameters, as well as the previous photometric calibrations, are properly centred on the Sun. In addition, we search for more solar twins in our sample. The methods used in this work are based on literature methods for solar twin searches and on methods we developed in previous work to distinguish the metallicity-temperature degeneracies in the differential comparison of spectra of solar analogues versus a reference solar reflection spectrum.
2646. Spectroscopy of Southern warm IR galaxies
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/132/37
Title:
Spectroscopy of Southern warm IR galaxies
Short Name:
J/ApJS/132/37
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
In this paper, we present high-resolution optical spectra and optical classifications from our large sample of 285 warm infrared galaxies 10^8^<L_IR_<10^12.5^L_{sun}_. We have classified these galaxies using new theoretical lines on the standard optical diagnostic diagrams. We use a theoretical extreme mixing line between the starburst and AGN regions to classify LINER galaxies and we define a theoretical boundary separating AGNs from starbursts. We find that many galaxies previously classified as LINERs appear to lie on a mixing sequence between starburst and AGN type galaxies.
2647. Spectroscopy of spectroscopic binaries
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/563/A138
Title:
Spectroscopy of spectroscopic binaries
Short Name:
J/A+A/563/A138
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
The present knowledge of stellar properties and dynamical structure of early-type multiple stellar systems is insufficient to offer useful statistical constraints for stellar formation models. To increase the amount of observational information about the characteristics of early-type multiples, we carried out a spectroscopic monitoring to search for new spectroscopic components and to determine their orbits. We observed 30 early-type multiple systems using the 2.15m telescope and REOSC echelle spectrograph at the Complejo Astronomico El Leoncito (CASLEO) during 10 observing runs between 2008 and 2013. We measured radial velocities by cross-correlations and applied a spectral disentangling method to double-lined systems. We calculated orbital elements for the inner subsystem of each analysed multiple. In this first paper we present calculated orbits for six previously catalogued subsystems. Three subsystems had no previously published parameters, while we obtained more accurate orbits for the other three. In one case we found absolute masses and radii for the components by using available photometric data. The long-term spectroscopic monitoring of multiple systems is a useful method of investigating the companions in intermediate hierarchical levels, particularly those that could affect the dynamical evolution of a close inner binary subsystem.
2648. Spectroscopy of star-forming regions in NGC 4194
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/143/98
Title:
Spectroscopy of star-forming regions in NGC 4194
Short Name:
J/AJ/143/98
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
We report the results of long-slit spectroscopy at position angles 68{deg}, 131{deg}, and 164{deg} for the minor-merger NGC 4194, a luminous infrared starburst galaxy. The mass within 1.2kpc of the dynamical center is estimated to be 4.8*109 to 1.7*1010 M{sun}, depending on the assumed inclination to the plane of the sky. The star formation rate (SFR) in the areas sampled is 8 M{sun}/yr. The metallicity, log(O/H)+12, ranges from ~8.8 to >9.0 in regions of significant star formation, suggesting that the metallicity has been enhanced by the current star formation. The star-forming regions range in age from 5 to 9Myr, with the youngest ages occurring in the regions of high SFR. Electron temperatures and the location of the spectra in emission line diagnostic diagrams suggest the presence of shock waves, presumably due to the presence of supernovae, winds from massive stars, and/or collisions of clouds due to the merger. The presence of massive stars and supernovae is consistent with the ages determined for the star-forming regions. The ages of the continua produced by the stellar population are estimated to range from 10Myr to 5Gyr. Much of the stellar population represented in the continua was probably formed before the merger and represents the progenitor galaxies.
2649. Spectroscopy of stars in 6 globular clusters
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/705/1481
Title:
Spectroscopy of stars in 6 globular clusters
Short Name:
J/ApJ/705/1481
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
Intermediate resolution spectra at the CaII triplet have been obtained for 55 candidate red giants in the field of the globular cluster M22 with the VLT/FORS2 instrument. Spectra were also obtained for a number of red giants in standard globular clusters to provide a calibration of the observed line strengths with overall abundance [Fe/H]. For the 41 M22 member stars that lie within the V-V_HB_ bounds of the calibration, we find an abundance distribution that is substantially broader than that expected from the observed errors alone. We argue that this broad distribution cannot be the result of differential reddening. Instead, we conclude that, as has long been suspected, M22 is similar to {omega} Cen in having an intrinsic dispersion in heavy element abundance. The observed M22 abundance distribution rises sharply to a peak at [Fe/H]~-1.9 with a broad tail to higher abundances: the highest abundance star in our sample has [Fe/H] ~-1.45dex. If the unusual properties of {omega} Cen have their origin in a scenario in which the cluster is the remnant nucleus of a disrupted dwarf galaxy, then such a scenario likely also applies to M22.
2650. Spectroscopy of stars in the Galaxy's nuclear cluster
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/703/1323
Title:
Spectroscopy of stars in the Galaxy's nuclear cluster
Short Name:
J/ApJ/703/1323
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
We report on the structure of the nuclear star cluster in the innermost 0.16pc of the Galaxy as measured by the number density profile of late-type giants. Using laser guide star adaptive optics in conjunction with the integral field spectrograph, OSIRIS, at the Keck II telescope, we are able to differentiate between the older, late-type (~1Gyr) stars, which are presumed to be dynamically relaxed, and the unrelaxed young (~6Myr) population. This distinction is crucial for testing models of stellar cusp formation in the vicinity of a black hole, as the models assume that the cusp stars are in dynamical equilibrium in the black hole potential. In the survey region, we classified 60 stars as early-type (O and early B; 22 newly identified) and 74 stars as late-type (K and M; 61 newly identified). We find that contamination from young stars is significant, with more than twice as many young stars as old stars in our sensitivity range (K'<15.5) within the central arcsecond.

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