- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/864/71
- Title:
- Fluxes & physical param. of blended YSOs
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/864/71
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Despite significant evidence suggesting that intermediate- and high-mass stars form in clustered environments, how stars form when the available resources are shared is still not well understood. A related question is whether the initial mass function (IMF) is in fact universal across galactic environments, or whether it is an average of IMFs that differ, for example, in massive versus low-mass molecular clouds. One of the long-standing problems in resolving these questions and in the study of young clusters is observational: how to accurately combine multiwavelength data sets obtained using telescopes with different spatial resolutions. The resulting confusion hinders our ability to fully characterize clustered star formation. Here we present a new method that uses Bayesian inference to fit the blended spectral energy distributions and images of individual young stellar objects (YSOs) in confused clusters. We apply this method to the infrared photometry of a sample comprising 70 Spitzer-selected, low-mass (M_cl_<100M_{sun}_) young clusters in the galactic plane, and we use the derived physical parameters to investigate how the distribution of YSO masses within each cluster relates to the total mass of the cluster. We find that for low-mass clusters this distribution is indistinguishable from a randomly sampled Kroupa IMF for this range of cluster masses. Therefore, any effects of self-regulated star formation that affect the IMF sampling are likely to play a role only at larger cluster masses. Our results are also compatible with smoothed particle hydrodynamics models that predict a dynamical termination of the accretion in protostars, with massive stars undergoing this stopping at later times in their evolution.
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- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/159/100
- Title:
- Flux & RVs of the dwarf G9-40 with K2 & HPF
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/159/100
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We validate the discovery of a 2-Earth-radii sub-Neptune-sized planet around the nearby high-proper-motion M2.5 dwarf G9-40 (EPIC212048748), using high-precision, near-infrared (NIR) radial velocity (RV) observations with the Habitable-zone Planet Finder (HPF), precision diffuser-assisted ground-based photometry with a custom narrowband photometric filter, and adaptive optics imaging. At a distance of d=27.9pc, G9-40b is the second-closest transiting planet discovered by K2 to date. The planet's large transit depth (~3500ppm), combined with the proximity and brightness of the host star at NIR wavelengths (J=10, K=9.2), makes G9-40b one of the most favorable sub-Neptune-sized planets orbiting an M dwarf for transmission spectroscopy with James Webb Space Telescope, ARIEL, and the upcoming Extremely Large Telescopes. The star is relatively inactive with a rotation period of ~29days determined from the K2 photometry. To estimate spectroscopic stellar parameters, we describe our implementation of an empirical spectral-matching algorithm using the high-resolution NIR HPF spectra. Using this algorithm, we obtain an effective temperature of Teff=3404{+/-}73K and metallicity of [Fe/H]=-0.08{+/-}0.13. Our RVs, when coupled with the orbital parameters derived from the transit photometry, exclude planet masses above 11.7M{Earth} with 99.7% confidence assuming a circular orbit. From its radius, we predict a mass of M=5.0_-1.9_^+3.8^M_{Earth}_ and an RV semiamplitude of K=4.1_-1.6_^+3.1^m/s, making its mass measurable with current RV facilities. We urge further RV follow-up observations to precisely measure its mass, to enable precise transmission spectroscopic measurements in the future.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/155/30
- Title:
- Fundamental parameters of 87 stars from the NPOI
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/155/30
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present the fundamental properties of 87 stars based on angular diameter measurements from the Navy Precision Optical Interferometer, 36 of which have not been measured previously using interferometry. Our sample consists of 5 dwarfs, 3 subgiants, 69 giants, 3 bright giants, and 7 supergiants, and span a wide range of spectral classes from B to M. We combined our angular diameters with photometric and distance information from the literature to determine each star's physical radius, effective temperature, bolometric flux, luminosity, mass, and age.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/620/A128
- Title:
- Gaia DR2 study of Herbig Ae/Be stars
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/620/A128
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We use Gaia Data Release 2 (DR2, Cat. I/345) to place 252 Herbig Ae/Be stars in the HR diagram and investigate their characteristics and properties. For all known Herbig Ae/Be stars with parallaxes in Gaia DR2, we collected their atmospheric parameters and photometric and extinction values from the literature. To these data we added near- and mid-infrared photometry, collected Halpha emission line properties such as equivalent widths and line profiles, and their binarity status. In addition, we developed a photometric variability indicator from Gaia's DR2 information. We provide masses, ages, luminosities, distances, photometric variabilities and infrared excesses homogeneously derived for the most complete sample of Herbig Ae/Be stars to date. We find that high mass stars have a much smaller infrared excess and have much lower optical variabilities compared to lower mass stars, with the break at around 7M_{sun}_. Halpha emission is generally correlated with infrared excess, with the correlation being stronger for infrared emission at wavelengths tracing the hot dust closest to the star. The variability indicator as developed by us shows that approximately 25% of all Herbig Ae/Be stars are strongly variable. We observe that the strongly variable objects display doubly peaked Halpha line profiles, indicating an edge-on disk. The fraction of strongly variable Herbig Ae stars is close to that found for A-type UX Ori stars. It had been suggested that this variability is in most cases due to asymmetric dusty disk structures seen edge-on. The observation here is in strong support of this hypothesis. Finally, the difference in dust properties occurs at 7M_{sun}_, while various properties traced at UV/optical wavelengths differ at a lower mass, 3M_{sun}_. The latter has been linked to different accretion mechanisms at work whereas the differing infrared properties and photometric variabilities are related to different or differently acting (dust-)disk dispersal mechanisms.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/159/280
- Title:
- Gaia-Kepler stellar properties catalog.I. KIC stars
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/159/280
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- An accurate and precise Kepler Stellar Properties Catalog is essential for the interpretation of the Kepler exoplanet survey results. Previous Kepler Stellar Properties Catalogs have focused on reporting the best-available parameters for each star, but this has required combining data from a variety of heterogeneous sources. We present the Gaia-Kepler Stellar Properties Catalog, a set of stellar properties of 186301 Kepler stars, homogeneously derived from isochrones and broadband photometry, Gaia Data Release 2 parallaxes, and spectroscopic metallicities, where available. Our photometric effective temperatures, derived from g to Ks colors, are calibrated on stars with interferometric angular diameters. Median catalog uncertainties are 112K for Teff, 0.05dex for logg, 4% for R_*_, 7% for M_*_, 13% for {rho}_*_, 10% for L_*_, and 56% for stellar age. These precise constraints on stellar properties for this sample of stars will allow unprecedented investigations into trends in stellar and exoplanet properties as a function of stellar mass and age. In addition, our homogeneous parameter determinations will permit more accurate calculations of planet occurrence and trends with stellar properties.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/384/879
- Title:
- Galactic orbits of stars with planets
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/384/879
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We have reconstructed the galactic orbits of the parent stars of exoplanets. For comparison, we have recalculated the galactic orbits of stars from the Edvardsson et al. (1993, Cat. <J/A+A/275/101>) catalog. A comparison between the two samples indicates that stars with planets are not kinematically peculiar. At each perigalactic distance stars with planets have a metallicity systematically larger than the average for the comparison sample. We argue that this result favors scenarios where the presence of planets is the cause of the higher metallicity of stars with planets.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/V/117A
- Title:
- Geneva-Copenhagen Survey of Solar neighbourhood
- Short Name:
- V/117A
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- (from paper II, 2007) Ages, metallicities, space velocities, and Galactic orbits of stars in the Solar neighbourhood are fundamental observational constraints on models of galactic disk evolution. Understanding and minimising systematic errors and sample selection biases in the data is crucial for their interpretation. We aim to consolidate the calibrations of uvbyb photometry into T_eff_, [Fe/H], distance, and age for F and G stars and rediscuss the results of the Geneva-Copenhagen Survey (GCS, Nordstrom et al., 2004, paper I) in terms of the evolution of the disk. We use recent V-K photometry, angular diameters, high-resolution spectroscopy, Hipparcos parallaxes, and extensive numerical simulations to re-examine and verify the temperature, metallicity, distance, and reddening calibrations for the uvbyb system. We also highlight the selection effects inherent in the apparent-magnitude limited GCS sample. We substantially improve the T_eff_ and [Fe/H] calibrations for early F stars, where spectroscopic temperatures have large systematic errors. A slight offset of the GCS photometry and the non-standard helium abundance of the Hyades invalidate its use for checking metallicity or age scales; however, the distances, reddenings, metallicities, and age scale for GCS field stars require minor corrections only. Our recomputed ages are in excellent agreement with the independent determinations by Takeda et al. (2007ApJS..168..297T), indicating that isochrone ages can now be reliably determined. The revised G-dwarf metallicity distribution remains incompatible with closed-box models, and the age-metallicity relation for the thin disk remains almost flat, with large and real scatter at all ages sigma_intrinsic=0.20 dex). Dynamical heating of the thin disk continues throughout its life; specific in-plane dynamical effects dominate the evolution of the U and V velocities, while the W velocities remain random at all ages. When assigning thick and thin-disk membership for stars from kinematic criteria, parameters for the oldest stars should be used to characterise the thin disk.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/V/130
- Title:
- Geneva-Copenhagen Survey of Solar neighbourhood III
- Short Name:
- V/130
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Ages, chemical compositions, velocity vectors, and Galactic orbits for stars in the solar neighbourhood are fundamental test data for models of Galactic evolution. The Geneva-Copenhagen Survey of the Solar neighbourhood (Nordstrom et al. 2004A&A...418..989N; GCS), a magnitude-complete, kinematically unbiased sample of 16,682 nearby F and G dwarfs, is the largest available sample with complete data for stars with ages spanning that of the disk. We aim to improve the accuracy of the GCS data by implementing the recent revision of the Hipparcos parallaxes. The new parallaxes yield improved astrometric distances for 12,506 stars in the GCS. We also use the parallaxes to verify the distance calibration for uvbyHbeta photometry by Holmberg et al. (2007A&A...475..519H; GCS II, Cat. VI/117). We add new selection criteria to exclude evolved cool stars giving unreliable results and derive distances for 3,580 stars with large parallax errors or not observed by Hipparcos. We also check the GCS II scales of T_eff_ and [Fe/H] and find no need for change. From the new distances we compute revised Mv, U, V, W, and Galactic orbital parameters for 13,520 GCS stars. We also recompute stellar ages with the new values of Mv from the Padova stellar evolution models used in GCS I-II, and compare them with ages from the Yale-Yonsei and Victoria-Regina models. Finally, we compare the observed age-velocity relation in W with three simulated disk heating scenarios to show the potential of the data. With these revisions, the basic data for the GCS stars should now be as reliable as is possible with existing techniques. Further improvement must await consolidation of the T_eff_ scale from angular diameters and fluxes, and the Gaia trigonometric parallaxes. We discuss the conditions for improving computed stellar ages from new input data, and for distinguishing different disk heating scenarios from data sets of the size and precision of the GCS.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/530/A138
- Title:
- Geneva-Copenhagen survey re-analysis
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/530/A138
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present a re-analysis of the Geneva-Copenhagen survey, benefiting from the infrared flux method to improve upon the accuracy of the derived stellar effective temperatures and using the latter to build a consistent and improved metallicity scale. Metallicities are calibrated on high-resolution spectroscopy and checked against four open clusters and a moving group, showing excellent consistency. The new temperature and metallicity scales provide a better match to theoretical isochrones, which are used for a Bayesian analysis of stellar ages. With respect to previous analyses, our stars are on average 100K hotter and 0.1dex more metal rich, shifting the peak of the metallicity distribution function around the solar value. From Stromgren photometry we are able to derive for the first time a proxy for [Fe] abundances, which enables for a tentative dissection of the chemical thin and thick disc. We find evidence for the latter being composed of an old, mildly but systematically alpha-enhanced population extending to super solar metallicities, in agreement with spectroscopic studies. Our revision offers the largest existing kinematically unbiased sample of the solar neighbourhood that contains full information on kinematics, metallicities and ages and thus provides better constraints on the physical processes relevant in the build-up of the Milky Way disc, enabling a better understanding of the Sun in a Galactic context.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/477/5191
- Title:
- Ggalactic young stellar cluster lifetimes
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/477/5191
- Date:
- 17 Jan 2022 00:27:47
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Photometric detections of dust circumstellar discs around pre-main sequence (PMS) stars, coupled with estimates of stellar ages, provide constraints on the time available for planet formation. Most previous studies on disc longevity, starting with Haisch, Lada & Lada, use star samples from PMS clusters but do not consider data sets with homogeneous photometric sensitivities and/or ages placed on a uniform time-scale. Here we conduct the largest study to date of the longevity of inner dust discs using X-ray and 1-8um infrared photometry from the MYStIX and SFiNCs projects for 69 young clusters in 32 nearby star-forming regions with ages t<=5Myr. Cluster ages are derived by combining the empirical Age_JX_ method with PMS evolutionary models, which treat dynamo-generated magnetic fields in different ways. Leveraging X-ray data to identify disc-free objects, we impose similar stellar mass sensitivity limits for disc-bearing and disc-free young stellar objects while extending the analysis to stellar masses as low as M~0.1M_{sun}_. We find that the disc longevity estimates are strongly affected by the choice of PMS evolutionary model. Assuming a disc fraction of 100 per cent at zero age, the inferred disc half-life changes significantly, from t_1/2_~1.3-2Myr to t_1/2_~3.5Myr when switching from non-magnetic to magnetic PMS models. In addition, we find no statistically significant evidence that disc fraction varies with stellar mass within the first few Myr of life for stars with masses <2M_{sun}_, but our samples may not be complete for more massive stars. The effects of initial disc fraction and star-forming environment are also explored.
