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2331. X-emitting stars identified from the RASS/SDSS
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/181/444
Title:
X-emitting stars identified from the RASS/SDSS
Short Name:
J/ApJS/181/444
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
The ROSAT All-Sky Survey (RASS) was the first imaging X-ray survey of the entire sky. Combining the RASS Bright and Faint Source Catalogs (Cat. <IX/10>, 1RXS and <IX/29>) yields an average of about three X-ray sources per square degree. However, while X-ray source counterparts are known to range from distant quasars to nearby M dwarfs, the RASS data alone are often insufficient to determine the nature of an X-ray source. As a result, large-scale follow-up programs are required to construct samples of known X-ray emitters. We use optical data produced by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) to identify 709 stellar X-ray emitters cataloged in the RASS and falling within the SDSS Data Release 1 footprint. Most of these are bright stars with coronal X-ray emission unsuitable for SDSS spectroscopy, which is designed for fainter objects (g>15[mag]). Instead, we use SDSS photometry, correlations with the Two Micron All Sky Survey and other catalogs, and spectroscopy from the Apache Point Observatory 3.5m telescope to identify these stellar X-ray counterparts. Our sample of 707 X-ray-emitting F, G, K, and M stars is one of the largest X-ray-selected samples of such stars. We identify 17 new X-ray-emitting DA (hydrogen) WDs, of which three are newly identified WDs. We report on follow-up observations of three candidate cool X-ray-emitting WDs (one DA and two DB (helium) WDs); we have not confirmed X-ray emission from these WDs.
2332. XMDS/VVDS 4{sigma} catalogue
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/439/413
Title:
XMDS/VVDS 4{sigma} catalogue
Short Name:
J/A+A/439/413
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
We present a catalogue of 286 X-ray sources with their optical identification taken from the XMDS survey (using the XMM-Newton EPIC instrument). This first version is limited to sources detected at 4{sigma} at least in one energy band, AND falling in the area covered by the optical VVDS survey.
2333. XMM/CDFS AGN intrinsic absorption
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/459/693
Title:
XMM/CDFS AGN intrinsic absorption
Short Name:
J/A+A/459/693
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
We combine bright XMM-Newton data with the Chandra Deep Field South observations to explore the behavior of the intrinsic AGN absorption, as a function of redshift and luminosity. Our sample consists of 359 sources selected in the hard 2-8keV band, spanning the flux range 6x10^-16^-3x10^-13^erg/cm^2^/s with a high rate of spectroscopic or photometric redshift completeness (100 and 85 per cent respectively for the Chandra and XMM-Newton data). We derive the column density values using X-ray spectral fits. We find that the fraction of obscured AGN falls with increasing luminosity in agreement with previous findings. The fraction of obscured AGN shows an apparent increase at high redshifts (z>2). Simulations show that this effect can most probably be attributed to the fact that at high redshifts the column densities are overestimated.
2334. XMM Clusters of galaxies in COSMOS field
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/172/182
Title:
XMM Clusters of galaxies in COSMOS field
Short Name:
J/ApJS/172/182
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
We present the results of a search for galaxy clusters in the first 36 XMM-Newton pointings on the Cosmic Evolution Survey (COSMOS) field. We reach a depth for a total cluster flux in the 0.5-2keV band of 3x10^-15^ergs/cm^2^/s, having one of the widest XMM-Newton contiguous raster surveys, covering an area of 2.1deg^2^. Cluster candidates are identified through a wavelet detection of extended X-ray emission. Verification of the cluster candidates is done based on a galaxy concentration analysis in redshift slices of thickness 0.1-0.2 in redshift, using the multiband photometric catalog of the COSMOS field and restricting the search to z<1.3 and i_AB_<25. We identify 72 clusters and derive their properties based on the X-ray cluster scaling relations. A statistical description of the survey in terms of the cumulative log(N>S)-logS distribution compares well with previous results, although yielding a somewhat higher number of clusters at similar fluxes. The X-ray luminosity function of COSMOS clusters matches well the results of nearby surveys, providing a comparably tight constraint on the faint-end slope of alpha=1.93+/-0.04. For the probed luminosity range of (8x10^42^)-(2x10^44^)ergs/s, our survey is in agreement with and adds significantly to the existing data on the cluster luminosity function at high redshifts and implies no substantial evolution at these luminosities to z=1.3.
2335. 3XMM-DR7s serendipitous source catalogue from stacks
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/IX/56
Title:
3XMM-DR7s serendipitous source catalogue from stacks
Short Name:
IX/56
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
XMM-Newton has observed the X-ray sky since the beginning of 2000. The XMM-Newton Survey Science Centre Consor-tium has been publishing catalogues of X-ray and ultraviolet sources found serendipitously in the individual observations. This series is now augmented by a catalogue dedicated to X-ray sources detected in spatially overlapping XMM-Newton observations. This catalogue aims at exploring repeatedly observed sky regions. It thus makes use of the long(er) effective exposure time per sky area and offers the opportunity to investigate long-term flux variability directly through the source detection process. A new standardised strategy for simultaneous source detection on multiple observations is introduced, including an adaptive-smoothing method to describe the image background. It is coded as a new task edetect_stack within the XMM-NewtonScience Analysis System and used to compile a catalogue of sources from 434 stacks comprising 1789 overlapping XMM-Newtonobservations that entered the 3XMM-DR7 catalogue and have a low background and full-frame readout of all EPIC cameras. The first stacked catalogue is called 3XMM-DR7s. It contains 71 951 unique sources with positions and source parameters like fluxes, hardness ratios, quality estimate, and information on inter-observation variability, which are directly derived from a simultaneous fit and calculated for the stack and for each contributing observation. More than 8 000 sources are new with respect to3XMM-DR7. By stacked source detection, the parameters of repeatedly observed sources can be determined with higher accuracy than in the individual observations. It is more sensitive to faint sources and tends to produce fewer spurious detections. With this first catalogue we demonstrate the feasibility and benefit of the approach. It supplements the large data base ofXMM-Newton detections by additional, in particular faint, sources and new variability information. In the future, it will be expanded to larger samples and continued within the series of serendipitous XMM-Newton source catalogues
2336. 4XMM-DR9s serendipitous source catalogue from stacks
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/IX/61
Title:
4XMM-DR9s serendipitous source catalogue from stacks
Short Name:
IX/61
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
The XMM-Newton Survey Science Centre Consortium (SSC) develops software in close collaboration with the Science Operations Centre to perform a pipeline analysis of all XMM-Newton observations. In celebration of the twentieth anniversary of the XMM-Newton launch, the SSC has compiled the fourth generation of serendipitous source catalogues, 4XMM. The catalogue described here, 4XMM-DR9s, explores sky areas that were observed more than once by XMM-Newton. These observations are bundled in groups referred to as stacks. Stacking leads to a higher sensitivity, resulting in newly discovered sources and better constrained source parameters, and unveils long-term brightness variations. The 4XMM-DR9s catalogue was constructed from simultaneous source detection on overlapping observations. As a novel feature, positional rectification was applied beforehand. Observations with all filters and suitable camera settings were included. Exposures with a high background were discarded. The high-background thresholds were determined through a statistical analysis of all exposures in each instrument configuration. The X-ray background maps used in source detection were modelled via an adaptive smoothing procedure with newly determined parameters. Source fluxes were derived for all contributing observations, irrespective of whether the source would be detectable in an individual observation. The new catalogue lists the X-ray sources detected in 1329 stacks with 6604 contributing observations over repeatedly covered 300 square degrees in the sky. Most stacks are composed of two observations, the largest one comprises 352 observations. We find 288191 sources of which 218283 were observed several times. The number of observations of a source ranges from 1 to 40. Auxiliary products, like X-ray full-band and false-colour images, long-term X-ray light curves, and optical finding charts, are published as well. 4XMM-DR9s contains new detections and is considered a prime resource to explore long-term variability of X-ray sources discovered by XMM-Newton. Regular incremental releases, including new public observations, are planned.
2337. 2XMMi/SDSS DR7 cross-correlation
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/527/A126
Title:
2XMMi/SDSS DR7 cross-correlation
Short Name:
J/A+A/527/A126
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
The Survey Science Centre of the XMM-Newton satellite released the first incremental version of the 2XMM catalogue in August 2008. Containing more than 220000 X-ray sources, the 2XMMi was at that time the largest catalogue of X-ray sources ever published and thus constitutes an unprecedented resource for studying the high-energy properties of various classes of X-ray emitters such as AGN and stars. Thanks to the high throughput of the EPIC cameras on board XMM-Newton accurate positions, fluxes, and hardness ratios are available for a substantial fraction of the X-ray detections. The advent of the 7th release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey offers the opportunity to cross-match two major surveys and extend the spectral energy distribution of many 2XMMi sources towards the optical bands. This implies building extensive homogeneous samples with a statistically controlled rate of spurious matches and completeness. We here present a cross-matching algorithm based on the classical likelihood ratio estimator. The method developed has the advantage of providing true probabilities of identifications without resorting to heavy Monte-Carlo simulations.
2338. 2XMMi/SDSS Galaxy Cluster Survey
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/534/A120
Title:
2XMMi/SDSS Galaxy Cluster Survey
Short Name:
J/A+A/534/A120
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
We present a catalogue of X-ray selected galaxy clusters and groups as a first release of the 2XMMi/SDSS Galaxy Cluster Survey. The survey is a search for galaxy clusters detected serendipitously in observations with XMM-Newton in the footprint of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). The main aims of the survey are to identify new X-ray galaxy clusters, investigate their X-ray scaling relations, identify distant cluster candidates, and study the correlation of the X-ray and optical properties. In this paper, we describe the basic strategy to identify and characterize the X-ray cluster candidates that currently comprise 1180 objects selected from the second XMM-Newton serendipitous source catalogue (2XMMi-DR3). Cross-correlation of the initial catalogue with recently published optically selected SDSS galaxy cluster catalogues yields photometric redshifts for 275 objects. Of these, 182 clusters have at least one member with a spectroscopic redshift from existing public data (SDSS-DR8). We developed an automated method to reprocess the XMM-Newton X-ray observations, determine the optimum source extraction radius, generate source and background spectra, and derive the temperatures and luminosities of the optically confirmed clusters. Here we present the X-ray properties of the first cluster sample, which comprises 175 clusters, among which 139 objects are new X-ray discoveries while the others were previously known as X-ray sources. For each cluster, the catalogue provides: two identifiers, coordinates, temperature, flux [0.5-2]keV, luminosity [0.5-2]keV extracted from an optimum aperture, bolometric luminosity L500, total mass M500, radius R500, and the optical properties of the counterpart. The first cluster sample from the survey covers a wide range of redshifts from 0.09 to 0.61, bolometric luminosities L500=1.9x10^42^-1.2x10^45^erg/s, and masses M500=2.3x10^13^-4.9x10^14^M_{sun}_. We extend the relation between the X-ray bolometric luminosity L500 and the X-ray temperature towards significantly lower T and L and still find that the slope of the linear L-T relation is consistent with values published for high luminosities.
2339. 2XMMi/SDSS Galaxy Cluster Survey. II.
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/558/A75
Title:
2XMMi/SDSS Galaxy Cluster Survey. II.
Short Name:
J/A+A/558/A75
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
We compile a sample of X-ray-selected galaxy groups and clusters from the XMM-Newton serendipitous source catalogue (2XMMi-DR3) with optical confirmation and redshift measurement from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). The X-ray cluster candidates were selected from the 2XMMi-DR3 catalogue in the footprint of the SDSS-DR7. We developed a finding algorithm to search for overdensities of galaxies at the positions of the X-ray cluster candidates in the photometric redshift space and to measure the redshifts of the clusters from the SDSS data. The detection algorithm provides the photometric redshift of 530 galaxy clusters. Of these, 310 clusters have a spectroscopic redshift for at least one member galaxy. About 75 percent of the optically confirmed cluster sample are newly discovered X-ray clusters. Moreover, 301 systems are known as optically selected clusters in the literature while the remainder are new discoveries in X-ray and optical bands. The optically confirmed cluster sample spans a wide redshift range 0.03-0.70 (median z=0.32). In this paper, we present the catalogue of X-ray-selected galaxy groups and clusters from the 2XMMi/SDSS galaxy cluster survey. The catalogue has two subsamples: (i) a cluster sample comprising 345 objects with their X-ray spectroscopic temperature and flux from the spectral fitting, and (ii) a cluster sample consisting of 185 systems with their X-ray flux from the 2XMMi-DR3 catalogue, because their X-ray data are insufficient for spectral fitting. The updated L_X_-T relation of the current sample with X-ray spectroscopic parameters is presented. We see no evidence for evolution in the slope and intrinsic scatter of the L_X_-T relation with redshift when excluding the low-luminosity groups
2340. 2XMMi/SDSS Galaxy Cluster Survey. III.
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/564/A54
Title:
2XMMi/SDSS Galaxy Cluster Survey. III.
Short Name:
J/A+A/564/A54
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
We present a sample of 383 X-ray selected galaxy groups and clusters with spectroscopic redshift measurements (up to z~0.79) from the 2XMMi/SDSS Galaxy Cluster Survey. The X-ray cluster candidates were selected as serendipitously detected sources from the 2XMMi-DR3 catalogue that were located in the footprint of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS-DR7). The cluster galaxies with available spectroscopic redshifts were selected from the SDSS-DR10. We developed an algorithm for identifying the cluster candidates that are associated with spectroscopically targeted luminous red galaxies and for constraining the cluster spectroscopic redshift. A cross-correlation of the constructed cluster sample with published optically selected cluster catalogues yielded 264 systems with available redshifts. The present redshift measurements are consistent with the published values. The current cluster sample extends the optically confirmed cluster sample from our cluster survey by 67 objects. Moreover, it provides spectroscopic confirmation for 78 clusters among our published cluster sample, which previously had only photometric redshifts. Of the new cluster sample that comprises 67 systems, 55 objects are newly X-ray discovered clusters and 52 systems are sources newly discovered as galaxy clusters in optical and X-ray wavelengths. Based on the measured redshifts and the fluxes given in the 2XMMi-DR3 catalogue, we estimated the X-ray luminosities and masses of the cluster sample.

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