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151. Abundances from Gaia-ESO Survey
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/572/A33
Title:
Abundances from Gaia-ESO Survey
Short Name:
J/A+A/572/A33
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
Most high-resolution spectroscopic studies of the Galactic discs were mostly confined to objects in the solar vicinity. Here we aim at enlarging the volume in which individual chemical abundances are used to characterise both discs, using the first internal data release of the Gaia-ESO survey. We derive and discuss the abundances of eight elements (Mg, Al, Si, Ca, Ti, Fe, Cr, Ni, and Y). The trends of these elemental abundances with iron are very similar to those in the solar neighbourhood. We find a natural division between {alpha}-rich and {alpha}-poor stars, best seen in the bimodality of the [Mg/M] distributions in bins of metallicity, which we attribute to thick- and thin-disc sequences, respectively. With the possible exception of Al, the observed dispersion around the trends is well described by the expected errors, leaving little room for astrophysical dispersion. Using previously derived distances from Recio-Blanco et al. (2014A&A...567A...5R), we further find that the thick-disc is more extended vertically and is more centrally concentrated towards the inner Galaxy than the thin-disc, which indicates a shorter scale-length. We derive the radial and vertical gradients in metallicity, iron, four {alpha}-element abundances, and Al for the two populations, taking into account the identified correlation between R_GC_ and |Z|. Radial metallicity gradient is found in the thin disc. The positive radial individual [{alpha}/M] gradients found are at variance from the gradients observed in the RAVE survey. The thin disc also hosts a negative vertical metallicity gradient, accompanied by positive individual [{alpha}/M] and [Al/M] gradients. The thick-disc, presents no radial metallicity gradient, a shallower vertical metallicity gradient than the thin-disc, an {alpha}-elements-to-iron radial gradient in the opposite sense than that of the thin disc, and positive vertical individual [{alpha}/M] and [Al/M] gradients.
152. Abundances from SEGUE Stellar Parameters Pipeline
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/798/122
Title:
Abundances from SEGUE Stellar Parameters Pipeline
Short Name:
J/ApJ/798/122
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
A fundamental challenge for wide-field imaging surveys is obtaining follow-up spectroscopic observations: there are >10^9^ photometrically cataloged sources, yet modern spectroscopic surveys are limited to ~fewx10^6^ targets. As we approach the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope era, new algorithmic solutions are required to cope with the data deluge. Here we report the development of a machine-learning framework capable of inferring fundamental stellar parameters (T_eff_, logg, and [Fe/H]) using photometric-brightness variations and color alone. A training set is constructed from a systematic spectroscopic survey of variables with Hectospec/Multi-Mirror Telescope. In sum, the training set includes ~9000 spectra, for which stellar parameters are measured using the SEGUE Stellar Parameters Pipeline (SSPP). We employed the random forest algorithm to perform a non-parametric regression that predicts T_eff_, logg, and [Fe/H] from photometric time-domain observations. Our final optimized model produces a cross-validated rms error (RMSE) of 165K, 0.39dex, and 0.33dex for T_eff_, logg, and [Fe/H], respectively. Examining the subset of sources for which the SSPP measurements are most reliable, the RMSE reduces to 125K, 0.37dex, and 0.27dex, respectively, comparable to what is achievable via low-resolution spectroscopy. For variable stars this represents a {approx}12%-20% improvement in RMSE relative to models trained with single-epoch photometric colors. As an application of our method, we estimate stellar parameters for ~54000 known variables. We argue that this method may convert photometric time-domain surveys into pseudo-spectrographic engines, enabling the construction of extremely detailed maps of the Milky Way, its structure, and history.
153. Abundance signature of M dwarf stars
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/644/A68
Title:
Abundance signature of M dwarf stars
Short Name:
J/A+A/644/A68
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
Most of our current knowledge on planet formation is still based on the analysis of main-sequence, solar-type stars. Conversely, detailed chemical studies of large samples of M-dwarf planet hosts are still missing. We aim to test whether the correlations between the metallicity, individual chemical abundances, and mass of the star and the presence of different type of planets found for FGK stars still holds for the less massive M dwarf stars. Methods to determine in a consistent way stellar abundances of M dwarfs from high-resolution optical spectra are still missing. The present work is a first attempt to fill this gap. We analyse in a coherent and homogeneous way a large sample of M dwarfs with and without known planetary companions. We develop for the first time a methodology to determine stellar abundances of elements others than iron for M dwarf stars from high-resolution, optical spectra. Our methodology is based on the use of principal component analysis and sparse Bayesian's methods. We made use of a set of M dwarfs orbiting around an FGK primary with known abundances to train our methods. We applied our methods to derive stellar metallicities and abundances of a large sample of M dwarfs observed within the framework of current radial velocity surveys. We then used a sample of nearby FGK stars to cross-validate our technique by comparing the derived abundance trends in the M dwarf sample with those found on the FGK stars. The metallicity distribution of the different subsamples shows that M dwarfs hosting giant planets show a planet-metallicity correlation as well as a correlation with the stellar mass. M dwarfs hosting low-mass planets do not seem to follow the planet-metallicity correlation. We also found that the frequency of low-mass planets does not depend on the mass of the stellar host. These results seem in agreement with previous works. However, we note that for giant planet hosts our metallicities predict a weaker planet metallicity correlation but a stronger mass-dependency than photometric values. We show, for the first time, that there seems to be no differences in the abundance distribution of elements different from iron between M dwarfs with and without known planets. Our data shows that low-mass stars with planets follow the same metallicity, mass, and abundance trends than their FGK counterparts, which are usually explained within the framework of core-accretion models.
154. Abundances in atmospheres of cool giants
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AZh/84/429
Title:
Abundances in atmospheres of cool giants
Short Name:
J/AZh/84/429
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
We have determined the atmospheric abundances of Y, Ba, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, and Eu for a sample of 171 giants selected as clump giants with metallicities [Fe/H] between 0.7 and 0.3dex, based on photometric criteria. In our analysis, we assumed local thermodynamic equilibrium and fit the parameters of model atmospheres to high-resolution (R=42000) echelle spectra with high signal-to-noise ratios. The Ba and Eu abundances were derived using synthetic spectra, including hyperfine structure. We find no significant difference in the abundances of s-or r-process neutron-capture elements between clump giants and ascending-branch giants selected by us earlier. We also analyze the relation between the abundances of neutron-capture elements and [Fe/H].
155. Abundances in atmospheres of stars with planets
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/449/723
Title:
Abundances in atmospheres of stars with planets
Short Name:
J/A+A/449/723
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
We present a uniform and homogeneous study of the abundances of Si, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Na, Mg and Al in 100 stars with and 94 without known planetary companions. The main purpose of this work is to make a deep investigation of the abundance of refractory elements, using an enlarged set of data which includes new observations, especially for the sample of stars without known planets. The new comparison sample spans metallicity range -0.70<[Fe/H]<0.50 and fills the gap that previously existed, mainly at high metallicities, in the number of field "single" comparison stars. Furthermore, we improved the line list previously studied by other authors: on average we analysed 90 spectral lines in every spectrum and carefully measured more than 16 600 equivalent widths (EW) to calculate the abundances. We investigate possible differences between the chemical abundances of the two groups of stars, with and without planets. The results are globally comparable to those obtained by other authors, and in most cases the abundance trends of planet-host stars are very similar to those of the comparison sample. This work represents a step towards the comprehension of recently discovered planetary systems. These results could also be useful for verifying galactic models at high metallicities and consequently improve our knowledge of stellar nucleosynthesis and galactic chemical evolution.
156. Abundances in barred spiral galaxies
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/424/599
Title:
Abundances in barred spiral galaxies
Short Name:
J/ApJ/424/599
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
Imaging spectrophotometry in the nebular lines H{alpha}, H{beta}, [OIII]{lambda}5007 and [NII]{lambda}6584, using narrow-band interference filters, has been performed of 82, 55, and 79 H II regions in the barred spiral galaxies NGC 925, NGC 1073, and NGC 4303, respectively. The O/H abundance gradients were derived from the abundance indicators [O III]/H{beta} and [N II]/[O III], calibrated by Edmunds & Pagel (1984MNRAS.211..507E). The global O/H gradients in NGC 925 [{DELTA}log(O/H)/{DELTA}R=0.033dex/kpc] and NGC 1073 [{DELTA}log(O/H)/{DELTA}R=0.048dex/kpc] are flatter than the gradients observed in normal galaxies of the same morphological type. The abundance gradient in NGC 4303 is identical to that found in normal spiral galaxies. A comparison is made between the O/H gradients of normal galaxies and of a sample of galaxies showing a barred morphology it is concluded that the global abundance gradients of spiral galaxies with a barred structure are in general shallower than gradients of normal galaxies. The slopes of O/H gradients are analyzed as a function of two properties of bars: the relative length of the bar with respect to the size of the disk, and the bar ellipticity, defined by the axis ratio of the bar. It is found that gradients are flatter when the length or the ellipticity of the bar increases. This result is consistent with recent models of radial flows. These observations indicate that large-scale mixing of the interstellar gas occurs across the disks of barred spiral galaxies and affects the radial distribution of elements.
157. Abundances in Ba stars
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/525/A63
Title:
Abundances in Ba stars
Short Name:
J/A+A/525/A63
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
We present abundances of Mn, Cu, Zn, and various light and heavy elements for a sample of barium and normal giant stars, and present correlations between abundances contributed to different degrees by the weak-s, main-s, and r-processes of neutron capture, between Fe-peak elements and heavy elements. All spectra for the sample stars were obtained with the 1.52m telescope at ESO, La Silla, using the Fiber Fed Extended Range Optical Spectrograph (FEROS). FEROS spectra have a constant resolving power of R=48000 from 3600{AA} to 9200{AA}. The stellar sample targeted in our study includes eight mild and classical barium stars and six normal giants, with a spectral S/N ratio ranging from 200 to 450 in the visible range.
158. Abundances in blue compact galaxies
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/511/639
Title:
Abundances in blue compact galaxies
Short Name:
J/ApJ/511/639
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
We present high-quality ground-based spectroscopic observations of 54 supergiant H II regions in 50 low-metallicity blue compact galaxies with oxygen abundances 12+Log[O/H] between 7.1 and 8.3. We use the data to determine abundances for the elements N, O, Ne, S, Ar, and Fe. We also analyze Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Faint Object Spectrograph archival spectra of 10 supergiant H II regions to derive C and Si abundances in a subsample of seven blue compact galaxies. The main result of the present study is that none of the heavy element-to-oxygen abundance ratios studied here (C/O, N/O, Ne/O, Si/O, S/O, Ar/O, Fe/O) depend on oxygen abundance for blue compact galaxies with 12+Log[O/H]{<=}7.6 (Z{<=}Z_{solar}/20).
159. Abundances in Cepheid Variables
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/113/1073
Title:
Abundances in Cepheid Variables
Short Name:
J/AJ/113/1073
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
We have completed spectroscopic studies of 23 Galactic cepheids to determine possible metallicity effects on measuring the zero point of the P-L relation. We find a spread of 0.4dex in [Fe/H], which is not the result of either observational scatter or of a metallicity gradient within the Galactic disk. We find a smaller, less significant spread of 0.2dex in [{alpha}/Fe]. Our results are robust, determined by constancy of [Fe/H] derived at differing temperatures throughout the pulsational cycle, and abundances of two dwarfs compared to U Sgr in the cluster M25. We discuss briefly the effect of metallicity on the P-L relation. We also argue that EV Sct and QZ Nor are overtone pulsators, and that the latter is not a member of the cluster NGC 6067. (Copyright) 1997 American Astronomical Society.
160. Abundances in dwarfs, subgiants, and giants
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/580/A24
Title:
Abundances in dwarfs, subgiants, and giants
Short Name:
J/A+A/580/A24
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
We have analyzed high-resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio optical spectra of nearby FGK stars with and without detected giant planets in order to homogeneously measure their photospheric parameters, mass, age, and the abundances of volatile (C, N, and O) and refractory (Na, Mg, Si, Ca, Ti, V, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, and Ba) elements. Our sample contains 309 stars from the solar neighborhood (up to the distance of 100pc), out of which 140 are dwarfs, 29 are subgiants, and 140 are giants. The photospheric parameters are derived from the equivalent widths (EWs) of FeI and FeII lines. Masses and ages come from the interpolation in evolutionary tracks and isochrones on the HR diagram. The abundance determination is based on the equivalent widths of selected atomic lines of the refractory elements and on the spectral synthesis of C_2_, CN, CI, OI, and NaI features. We apply a set of statistical methods to analyze the abundances derived for the three subsamples. Our results show that: i) giant stars systematically exhibit underabundance in [C/Fe] and overabundance in [N/Fe] and [Na/Fe] in comparison with dwarfs, a result that is normally attributed to evolution-induced mixing processes in the envelope of evolved stars; ii) for solar analogs only, the abundance trends with the condensation temperature of the elements are correlated with age and anticorrelated with the surface gravity, which is in agreement with recent studies; iii) as in the case of [Fe/H], dwarf stars with giant planets are systematically enriched in [X/H] for all the analyzed elements, except for O and Ba (the former due to limitations of statistics), confirming previous findings in the literature that not only iron has an important relation with the planetary formation; and iv) giant planet hosts are also significantly overabundant for the same metallicity when the elements from Mg to Cu are combined together.

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